Describe several functions of polypeptides.

Q: Can Polypeptides Be Synthesizedin the Laboratory?

A: Peptides are chemically synthesized by the condensation reaction of the carboxyl group of one amino…

Q: Define the term alpha helix?

A: Proteins are a large type of biomolecules. One or more long amino acid chains are the main backbone…

Q: Differentiate between primary, secondary, tertiary, andquaternary structures of proteins.

A: The proteins are formed by repeated linkage of amino acids through peptide bonds. The amino acids…

Q: Explain how the quaternary structure of some proteins is important

A: Proteins are made up of building units called amino acids. Each amino acid consists of a central…

Q: Describe the properties of the principal types of secondary structure, including the α helix, the β…

A: The alpha helix is a common motif in the secondary structure of proteins and is a right hand-helix…

Q: Define oligopeptide.

A: Oligopeptide is a small chain of peptide connected by peptide bond. In this peptide unit should be…

Q: Describe the structure of IgG in detail by referring to the different levels of protein structure

A: Antibodies are glycoprotein, which has antigen-binding site, each amino acid has different amino…

Q: Explain the structure of tRNAs?

A: Proteins within the human body are made up of a small chain of building blocks, which are termed…

Q: Describe the linkages between amino acids that form polypeptide chains.

A: Proteins or polypeptides are end products of the gene expression process. These biomolecules are…

Q: Define ubiquitin.

A: Proteins are complex biomolecules found in all living organisms and is essential for the normal…

Q: Describe how an ester bond is formed.

A: Esters are formed by linking two hydrocarbon groups together with an oxygen atom, or by linking a…

Q: Describe the linkage between amino acids that form polypeptide chains

A: The amino acids are the biomolecule that consists of carboxyl (-COOH) and amine (-NH2) functional…

Q: How does the R group affect the solubility of polypeptides?

A: The class of organic compounds is represented by R groups which consist of a carbon or hydrogen atom…

Q: Explain how a polypeptide is constructed from aminoacids.

A: Formation of protien from amino acid is done by the proces translation. Each amino acid binds with…

Q: Explain the amino–imino forms of cytosine and adenine ?

A: Watson and Crick showed a mechanism for the spontaneous occurrence of transitions. Some of the…

Q: Describe what amyloids are, how they form, and why they might be more stable than a natively folded…

A: Amyloid refers to extracellular, proteinaceous, abnormal fibrous deposits found in organs and…

Q: Draw out the structural formula of the oligopeptide, with the first amino acid as the N-terminus

A: Amine and carboxylic acid groups in amino acids are joined together, and forms chains of amino acids…

Q: Explain the Structure of a polypeptide.

A: Introduction: Amino acids are biomolecules that comprise two functional groups, these are amino…

Q: Draw the structure of Phe-Ser-Met-Glu, and indicate where the peptide bonds are.

A: Protein is an organic nitrogenous macromolecule that is required for human health. In the human…

Q: Classify the following functions or structures as being attributed to proteins, RNA, or RNA-protein…

A: A. Proteins -  Poly A polymerase Release factors (RF1 and RF2) Formation (catalysis) of peptide…

Q: Which of the following describes the overall three- dimensional folding of a polypeptides? *

A: Proteins are composed of twenty standard amino acids attached together via peptide bonds. These…

Q: Draw leucine and identify any chiral carbon atoms with arrows.

A: chiral carbon was an asymmetric carbon atom of a molecule that consists of four different atoms is…

Q: list biological examples in which specific protein interactions are involved

A: Proteins are biomolecules formed by amino acids. Proteins are large size molecules, polymers of…

Q: Explain the single-polypeptide chain folds ?

A: Proteins contains one or a lot of molecules of polypeptides. Proteins square measure necessary as…

Q: Draw out the structural formula of the oligopeptide, with the first amino acid as the N-terminus.

A: 1. Protein primary source is linear sequence of amino acids in peptide or protein.  Primary…

Q: Describe base pairing

A: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a double helix structure with two strands that travel in opposite…

Q: Name and draw the structure of two charged amino acids

A: Amino acids are compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. They are monomers…

Q: Define polypeptide

A: Polypeptides are short chains of between two and fifty amino acids, linked by peptide bonds. Chains…

Q: Describe the  Stages in the formation of a functioning protein in the nucleic acid.

A: Nucleic acid DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides.

Q: How does a polypeptide fold to become a functioning protein?

A: Polypeptides are formed by amino acids. These amino acids are held with each other by peptide bonds.…

Q: Describe, identify, and draw the components of nucleosidesand nucleotides.

A: DNA, as well as RNA, are important components of the cell, which acts as a hereditary molecule.

Q: Is oligonucleotide a protein?

A: The nucleotide is a building block of nucleic acids that is DNA and RNA. The base, phosphoric acid,…

Q: Explain the secondary and tertiary structures of polypeptide chains ?

A: Proteins or polypeptide is sequence of amino acids that are joined by peptide linkage between the…

Q: Explain about oligonucleotides ?

A: Introduction: The term oligomer comes from the two Greek words "oligo" and "mer"  which means small…

Q: NH2 N- но-Р-О 'N' ОН ОН ОН

A: A is incorrect. Reason :  Adenosine does not have any phosphate group in it's structure.

Q: Would you expect cross-linking to play a role in the structure of polysaccharides? If so, how would…

A: Polysaccharides are the most abundant carbohydrates which play a major role in storing sugar and…

Q: Explain how the primary structure of a polypeptide influences its secondary and tertiary structures.

A: Proteins are macromolecules made up of amino acid residues that have been polymerized. Protein is a…

Q: Explain the role of lactose in structure ?

A: Lactose is the primary sugar (or carbohydrate) found naturally in milk and dairy. Lactose is made up…

Q: Describe the types of interactions that determine the conformation of a polypeptide chain.

A: The polypeptide chain is composed of amino acids attached together via peptide bonds. Polypeptides…

Q: Define about conjugated proteins ?

A: Proteins are the polymers of the amino acids, The classification of proteins is done based on the…

Q: Define primary protein structure and explain how primary structures are represented.

A: Proteins contain four structural levels in the form of primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary…

Q: How do chaperonins assist polypeptides to become fully functional proteins?

A: Proteins are polypeptides consisting of unbranched polymers constructed from 22 standard α-amino…

Q: Identify a peptide bond, and explain how it is formed.

A: Peptide or amide is considered as the covalent bond, which is formed between the two amino acids.…

Q: Can a conjugated protein be also a monomeric protein?

A: Proteins are one of the macromolecules present in the human body. Proteins are made of amino acids.…

Q: Explain the Secondary structures of  the polypeptide ?

A: Protein is an organic nitrogenous macromolecule that is essential for the health of humans. In the…

Q: Describe the forces involved in protein folding.

A: Protein folding is a biological process in which the polypeptide chain folds to become biologically…

Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.