Describe the fund accounting implications of adopting that suggestion.
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Scenario 1 A large city has been financing all of its services through property taxes and sales taxes. As the cost of services has been increasing, the city has found it necessary to raise its tax rates. A special commission appointed by the mayor suggests that it would be possible to reduce the property tax rate by charging residents a monthly fee to cover the costs of collecting and disposing of trash and garbage. The mayor likes the suggestion and wants to run the sanitation activity like a commercial business.
Describe the fund accounting implications of adopting that suggestion.
Scenario 2
Each department in a large city maintains its own fleet of vehicles. The cost of purchasing and maintaining the vehicles is financed through the General Fund. One day, the mayor walks past the parking lot of the Parks Department and notices that many vehicles are not being used. The mayor calls her finance commissioner into the office and says: "Couldn't we save money by setting up a central motor pool and requiring each department to use a pool vehicle whenever they need one?" The finance commissioner replies: "Yes, that will save us lots of money, but we will need to change our accounting system a bit to handle it.
Discuss the fund accounting implications of the finance commissioner's reply.
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- Your city is expanding. There have been several problems with street flooding,which is affecting your business. You decide to attend a city councilmeeting, during which there is a discussion on building storm and sewerlines in advance of home construction. At the meeting, Tom Frank, thecity manager, states that the city is prohibited by law from financing theseprojects through a sales or property tax. He says that after the new homesare built, the city will be able to charge a monthly sewer fee to each homeownerand business. He asks for suggestions on financing the new sewersystem.a. What would you propose the city do to raise this money?b. Why is this investment vehicle attractive to investors?Scenario 2 – Campaign Promises To fulfill a campaign promise, the new mayor of your city is looking for ways to finance an increase in the level of police protection without raising the city's property tax rate. He reads the city's financial report and notices that the Capital Projects Fund has a large fund balance. He discusses the fund balance with his finance commissioner, who says: "The fund balance is high because the city voted to sell bonds last year to finance the construction of a new firehouse. The architect just finished the design of the firehouse, and we are about to award a construction contract.” The mayor responds: “Forget the firehouse. I promised to put more police patrols on the street. Let’s use the bond proceeds to hire more police officers.” Question: How should the finance commissioner respond to the mayor?Question: The city of San Fernando operates on a calendar year basis. John Perez, the governor, is particularly proud of his reputation for making sure the state lives within its means. He knows that revenues in 2018 are coming in at a slower pace than anticipated, and he fears that expenditures may exceed revenues for the first time in his tenure as governor. He seeks advice from his budget director, who says: “No problem. I’ll just tell the agencies not to send invoices for utilities, travel expenses, and professional services to the comptroller during November and December for payment. Because the state uses the modified accrual basis of accounting, the comptroller won’t charge the bills to 2018.” The elected state comptroller is responsible not only for paying the bills but also for preparing financial statements in accordance with GAAP. What should the comptroller do when he learns about the budget director’s idea?
- Answer the following questions: 2. The City of Miami is about to replace an old fire truck with a new vehicle in an effort to save maintenance and other operating costs. Which of the following items, all related to the transaction, would be considered in the decision? a. Purchase price of the new vehicle. b. Purchase price of the old vehicle. c. savings in operating costs as a result of the new vehicle. d. Proceeds from disposal of the old vehicle. 3. The book value of the equipment currently owned by a firm is an example of a(n): a. future cost. b. differential cost. c. comparative cost. d. opportunity cost. e. sunk cost. 4. An accounting information system should be designed to provide information that is useful. To be useful the information must be: a. qualitative rather than quantitative. b. unique and unavailable through other sources. c. historical in nature and not purport to predict the future. d. marginal between two…A large city currently provides free water service to residents. The marginal social cost of making a gallon of water available per month is estimated to be 5 cents no matter how much water is used. Currently, city residents consume 500,000 gallons of water per month. The costs of making the water available are financed by a local tax on city residents. a. Show the net gains in well-being possible by applying a user charge of 5 cents per gallon to residential users. Assume that monthly consumption declines to 400,000 gallons after the user charge is imposed. Calculate the tax revenues that can be freed for other uses each month (including a reduction in taxes to local residents) after the user charge is imposed.A growing city of 60,000 has an intersection near the south end of the main business district. The north-south street has no traffic control at that intersection, and the east-west intersecting street has only stop signs.There have been a few accidents in recent years and it has been estimated that a traffic light can provide benefits of $55,000 per year in reduced property loss and disabling injuries, increasing by $2,500 per year.The disbenefits of the traffic light include cost of fuel and time delays, amounting to an estimated $24,000 per year, increasing by $2,000 per year. The installation cost of the traffic light is estimated to be $120,000 with maintenance and electricity running $6,000 in the first year and increasing by $300 per year over a time horizon of 10 years. It is anticipated that the intersection will need to be redesigned at that time and the traffic light removed and sold to a nearby small community for a net salvage value of $4,000. The discount rate is 7%. Is…
- Mastery Problem: Capital Investment Analysis HomeGrown Company HomeGrown Company is a chain of grocery stores that are similar to indoor farmer's markets, providing fresh, local produce, meats, and dairy products to consumers in urban areas. HomeGrown is considering opening several stores in a new city, and has proposals from three contractors (Alpha, Beta, and Gamma companies) who would like to provide buildings for the new stores. The amount of expected revenue from the stores will depend on the design of the contractor. For example, if HomeGrown decides on a more open floor plan, with less shelf space for products, revenue would be lower overall. However, if HomeGrown decides on a very crowded floor plan, it may lose customers who appreciate a more open feel. As the project manager for HomeGrown, you are responsible for deciding which if any of the proposals to accept. HomeGrown's minimum acceptable rate of return is 20%. You receive the following data from the three…Scenario: Joe Babbitt, a former executive of T-Mart, just started a term as mayor of Saulk Center. For the past several days, he has been looking for a way to keep his campaign promise to increase services without raising taxes or service charges. While lunching at the country club with the treasurer of T-Mart, the subject of a recent sale and leaseback of one of T-Mart’s stores came up. Following a common practice in retailing, T-Mart had erected a building and sold it to an investor. It then signed a long-term lease on the building. “Bingo! That’s it,” thought Mayor Babbitt. “We can sell several of the city’s buildings—as well as police cars, fire engines, and other vehicles—to investors and lease them back. That will give us the revenues we desperately need. Now I can concentrate on fighting crime.” Question: Do you agree with Mayor Babbitt?Planning and control decisions. Gavin Adams is the president of Trusted Pool Service. He takes the following actions, not necessarily in the order given. For each action state whether it is a planning decision or a control decision. Adams decides to expand service offerings into an adjacent market. Adams calculates material costs of a project that was recently completed. Adams weighs the purchase of an expensive new excavation machine proposed by field managers. Adams estimates the weekly cost of providing maintenance services next year to the city recreation department. Adams compares payroll costs of the past quarter to budgeted costs.
- Part 2 Please study the following capital budgeting project and then provide explanations for the questions outlined below: You have been hired as a consultant for Pristine Urban-Tech Zither, Inc. (PUTZ), manufacturers of fine zithers. The market for zithers is growing quickly. The company bought some land three years ago for $2.1 million in anticipation of using it as a toxic waste dump site but has recently hired another company to handle all toxic materials. Based on a recent appraisal, the company believes it could sell the land for $2.3 million on an after-tax basis. In four years, the land could be sold for $2.4 million after taxes. The company also hired a marketing firm to analyze the zither market, at a cost of $125,000. An excerpt of the marketing report is as follows: The zither industry will have a rapid expansion in the next four years. With the brand name recognition that PUTZ brings to bear, we feel that the company will be able to sell 3,600, 4,300, 5,200, and 3,900…1. Suppose a proposed new road to be constructed in North Carolina between Raleigh and Morehead City will lower the average cost per trip by car from $5 to $4. Currently, 500,000 trips are made between the two cities per year. An estimate indicates that, all other things being equal, the new road will increase the number of trips per year to 600,000. Calculate the annual benefits to motorists of the new road as based on their willingness to pay. 2. A new tax is levied on airline profits to finance improvements in the nation’s airports. The current market rate of interest is 8 percent. However, airline profits are subject to a 50 percent tax. A cost-benefit analysis calculates the percent return to the investment in new air facilities to be 12 percent. Will net benefits from resource use increase as a result of construction of new air travel facilities?Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion Suppose a city must replace aging water pipes in the city system that is expected to cost $50 million dollars. The new water pipes are expected to last for about 30 years. The city has an annual budget of about 225 million and is trying to decide whether to finance the pipe replacement out of the current revenues; or by borrowing the money by selling 30 year bonds with an interest rate of 5%; or by selling 15 year bonds with an interest rate of 2.5%. Outline the advantages and disadvantages of each financing method. Which would you recommend? Might there be any reason to combine methods?