Describe the primary purpose of viral cultivation.

Q: Embryonated eggs are widely used for viral cultivation. Explain

A: Prior to the development of cell culture, most of viruses were propagated using embryonated eggs.…

Q: Define transfection.

A: A mutation is a change or alteration in the nucleotide sequence of the genome of any organism.…

Q: Describe the reason behind the occurrence of phage growth and release by the mating with the…

A: Bacteriophages frequently transition between the lytic and lysogenic states. The two gene regulatory…

Q: Determine the advantages of phage therapy over antibiotict herapy.

A: The virus known as a bacteriophage assaults bacteria, hence the name. Phage means "to devour," hence…

Q: List the three principal purposes for cultivating viruses

A: BASIC INFORMATION  VIRUS  They are obligate parasites They are very small in size that is about 20…

Q: Discuss the Viral Size and Structure ?

A: Viruses are very small infectious agents made up of genetic material covered by a protein coat. They…

Q: Compare and contrast the lysogenic and lytic cycles of phage λ.

A: Phage lambda is a bacteriophage which infects E.coli bacteria. Bacteriophages are the viruses that…

Q: Explain how to determine the number of plaque-forming units in a virus sample?

A: There are viruses that infect the bacteria, called bacteriophages. The presence of such viruses can…

Q: . Explain why antibiotics should not be used to treat viralinfections.

A: Antibiotics are medicines that help stop infections caused by bacteria. Azithromycin, metronidazole,…

Q: Identify effective terms to describe the behavior of viruses.

A: The following are functional terms to describe a virus.They are not fungi, not even cells, obligate…

Q: Explain the major elements of viral genetics.

A: Viral genetics:          Viruses are rapid growers, they usually possess an enormous number of…

Q: What conditions are necessary to cultivate viruses in the laboratory?

A: A virus is a very small submicroscopic agent that is known for causing infections in its host…

Q: Explain the steps to transform a plasmid carrying a gene of interest into a competent host cell…

A: The deliberate modification of an organism's genetic information by directly changing its nucleic…

Q: Describe the general features of viral architecture.

A: Viruses are microscopic infectious agents they are not cells so they lack nucleus cytoplasm and…

Q: Contrast the use of plasmid vectors with that of BAC orYAC

A: Cloning vectors are also commonly called as vectors. They play an important part in molecular…

Q: Can antibiotic kill virus?

A: Antibiotics can't kill  virus. Antibiotics are medicines which kill bacterial infection.

Q: List a method a virus can use to prime DNA а replication and give an example of a virus that uses…

A: Introduction:  Viral replication means formation of viruses into the host cells during infection.…

Q: How does PC help in the identification of the virus from patients?

A: Viruses are microscopic entities that are neither dead nor alive. They may contain DNA or RNA as…

Q: explain  Resistance plasmids

A: Plasmid is a genetic structure in a cell that can replicate independently of the chromosomes,…

Q: Describe Specialized transduction: transfer of specific genetic material by means of a virus…

A: Transduction is the process in which the foreign DNA is inserted into a cell by a viral vector or…

Q: Outline the steps of bacterial transduction?

A: Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms. Some of them are injurious while some are beneficial to…

Q: Explain the main defects of using animal models for viral growth and cultivation.

A: Viruses are highly infectious organisms that cannot be cultivated in non-living culture media. They…

Q: Viruses cannot be grown on any inanimate culture medium. Explain.

A: Viruses are ultra-microscopic organisms that are inert outside living organism. They are obligate…

Q: What is meant by a viral titer?

A: Microbe or microorganism is a microscopic organism. It exists as multicellular, unicellular, or cell…

Q: What technique must be used to visualize a virus?

A: Viruses are an acellular parasite that are not able to reproduce on their own. It is not considered…

Q: Describe the three main techniques for cultivating viruses.

A: The virus can be defined as the submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the…

Q: Describe the two main ways by which viral nucleic acid is introduced into the host cells

A: Viral infection causes stimulation of various specific and nonspecific types of immunity in the…

Q: Give an example of a viral diagnostic method that detects viral nucleic acid and one that detects…

A: Viral diagnostic method used to detect viral nucleic acid especially is called Nucleic Acid…

Q: how may i create a drug that prevents viral attachments

A: Viruses are microscopic,infectious biological entities that target and infect almost all life forms,…

Q: Describe the generation of multiple-drug-resistantplasmids

A: Drug inactivation or modification is one mechanism of drug resistance. Changes to the target site.…

Q: Why is the detection of viral RNA not equivalent to a high risk transmission method?

A: The detection of the viral RNA, detection of infectious virus and equivalent transmission risk are…

Q: transmission electron micrographs during viral infection cycles of both in vitro and in vivo…

A: Electron micrographs are obtained with the help of electron transmission microscope. It helps in the…

Q: Do the plasmids integrate into the host genome when the AAV is introduced into the patient? Explain.

A: AAV (Adeno-associated viruses) are virus that are usually very small in size and that infect primate…

Q: Knowing that retroviruses operate on the principle of reversing thedirection of transcription from…

A: Retroviruses could do reverse transcription. That is, retroviruses could make DNA (deoxyribonucleic…

Q: List some Techniques in Cultivating and Identifying Animal Viruses.

A: Viruses are non cellular particles that cause a variety of diseases in humans, other animals and…

Q: All of the following are uses for pure or nearly pure isolates of viral structural and nonstructural…

A: Protein are used for structures • ACTIN These prteins provided structure and support for cells. On a…

Q: Describe the Methods of viewing viruses and Label with diagram.

A: Answer: Introduction: Virus is an intracellular infectious parasite consist of only one type of…

Q: Match each of the following viral families with the appropriate viral genera:

A: Virus are connecting link between living and non living.  Herpes simplex virus causes genital herpes…

Q: SV40 vectors are derived from Which of the following term is appropriate for the blank? Lütfen…

A: The SV40 vector is a replacement vector. It can be used as an early or late replacement vector by…

Q: What is the difference between a persistent and a latent viralinfection?

A: The viral infection starts with the lysis of the host cell membrane to release the new virus…

Q: What are some of the obstacles for detecting a virus

A: virus are obligate parasites , meaning they are active only when they are inside a host cell . they…

Q: Recall the general characteristics of viruses.

A: Viruses are unique micro-organisms because they show no signs of life until they come in contact…

Q: explain The lytic cycle of phage multiplication

A: The lytic cycle of phage multiplication includes the production of viral progeny in the bacterial…

Q: What are vectors define as in microbiology?

A: Microbiology is the study of organisms that are microscopic. In microbiology, we study organisms…

Q: Viral gene delivery vectors are favored for therapeutic applications because of their efficiency and…

A: Viral gene delivery vectors or the viral vectors are the most preferred method of gene transduction…

Fungal Infections

Fungal infection can be defined as an infectious disease caused by fungi. A fungal infection is also referred to as mycosis. Fungal infections are contagious, spreading from person to person. Mycosis can be contracted even from an infected animal or contaminated soil. The most common symptom is skin rashes and vaginal discharge in females.