What are vectors define as in microbiology?

Q: Embryonated eggs are widely used for viral cultivation. Explain

A: Prior to the development of cell culture, most of viruses were propagated using embryonated eggs.…

Q: Define transfection.

A: A mutation is a change or alteration in the nucleotide sequence of the genome of any organism.…

Q: Is it important to have fewer phages than bacterial host cells when doing a quantitative plaque…

A: A virus is an infective agent, which is sub-microscopic in nature. It has the capability of…

Q: Describe the reason behind the occurrence of phage growth and release by the mating with the…

A: Bacteriophages frequently transition between the lytic and lysogenic states. The two gene regulatory…

Q: Why do critical instruments need to be sterile, whereas semicritical instruments need only be free…

A: Laboratory instrument is defined as a general term used for all kinds and types of instruments,…

Q: What other factors may control the outcome of an infectiousdisease?

A: An infectious disease is the one that is caused by pathogenic microbes. These microbes can be…

Q: Determine the advantages of phage therapy over antibiotict herapy.

A: The virus known as a bacteriophage assaults bacteria, hence the name. Phage means "to devour," hence…

Q: Which vector is used in the manufacturing of Covishield?

A: The delivery of vaccines require the presence of vector so that the virus can be transferred to the…

Q: What is the main problem with retroviral vectors?

A: Retroviral vectors are created by removing replication and disease-causing genes from the virus and…

Q: Which of the following statements is true about a vector?a) Plasmids, phages can be used as…

A: In molecular cloning, vector is a segment of DNA molecule, which is used as an artificial carrier of…

Q: Explain in detail the different methods of viral inoculation.

A: Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that depend on the host for their survival. For their…

Q: Which of the following is a way in which plasmids may be introduced into host organisms?

A: Plasmids or transposons are considered replicons, units of DNA capable of replicating autonomously…

Q: What are vector borne diseases?

A: A disease is a sickness or illness characterized by specific symptoms and signs. A disease that…

Q: What conditions are necessary to cultivate viruses in the laboratory?

A: A virus is a very small submicroscopic agent that is known for causing infections in its host…

Q: Explain the steps to transform a plasmid carrying a gene of interest into a competent host cell…

A: The deliberate modification of an organism's genetic information by directly changing its nucleic…

Q: Describe the primary purpose of viral cultivation.

A: The organisms that can only be seen through the microscope, known as microorganisms. These include…

Q: What are biological control agents? How are biological control agents discovered? What makes them so…

A: Integrated pest management (IPM) is a sustainable pest management program that deals with pest…

Q: Virology:Describe phage therapy and gene therapy and tell which recombinant virus is used in each…

A: Viruses are unicellular organisms without self replication property. That means they require the…

Q: Contrast the use of plasmid vectors with that of BAC orYAC

A: Cloning vectors are also commonly called as vectors. They play an important part in molecular…

Q: What processes do Conjugative plasmids control?

A: Conjugation is the process of genetic material transfer between two bacterial cells through direct…

Q: Mode of action of antibiotics as feed additives

A: Antibiotics are chemical compounds with bactericidal (kills bacterial) or bacteriostatic (arrests…

Q: Fill in the data table below. An example attached below is provided as a guide.  Microorganism:…

A: Introduction  The influenza virus family includes the A, B, C, and D strains. Nearly every winter in…

Q: Outline the steps of bacterial transduction?

A: Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms. Some of them are injurious while some are beneficial to…

Q: How can a protein, which cannot replicate itself, be a transmissible pathogen?

A: A pathogen is an organic entity that causes infection. Your body is normally brimming with…

Q: Explain the main defects of using animal models for viral growth and cultivation.

A: Viruses are highly infectious organisms that cannot be cultivated in non-living culture media. They…

Q: Discuss some advantages and disadvantages of bacteriophage therapyin treating bacterial infections.

A: Bacteriophage is defined as the type of virus that infects bacteria. It is also called as bacterial…

Q: What is a vector?  What is a zoonotic pathogen?  Example? (ha!)

A: Microbiology is a branch of biology that deals with the microorganism. Micro means small and ology…

Q: What are other methods of measuring the sensitivity of organisms to antibiotic?

A: An antibiotic is a substance that kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms,…

Q: List and describe the 4 mechanisms bacterial cells use in order to become antibiotic resistant.

A: Bacteria are a group of prokaryotic microscopic single celled organisms. They live in diverse…

Q: Explain briefly about The Case of Genetically Modified Tomato Paste

A: A plants  whose the DNA has been modified using genetic engineering method are known as genetically…

Q: Provide a brief explanation on the idea of genetic engineering in formulating an antiviral from a…

A: Genetic engineering is a type of biotechnological technique that is used to manipulate the organisms…

Q: Why is phage conversion considered beneficial to host cells?

A: Phages are viruses that have bacterial cells as their host.

Q: The pathogen of plant roots that is used as a cloning host isa. Pseudomonas b. Agrobacterium c.…

A: The bacterium which causes root tumors in plants does so by injecting its plasmid containing the…

Q: In which growth phase is the organism most sensitive to the antibiotic?

A: Microorganisms produced in closed culture (also known as batch mode) exhibit a repeatable…

Q: What is the purpose of including a tube in the phage assay in which only the E. coli culture is…

A: Insects that feed on fecal, dung material and raw sewage are termed as coprophagous insects. These…

Q: Describe the generation of multiple-drug-resistantplasmids

A: Drug inactivation or modification is one mechanism of drug resistance. Changes to the target site.…

Q: Discuss the major portals of exit and how they influence the endstages of infection and disease.

A: Pathogens have specific exit paths from the host called as the portals of exit. In most cases, the…

Q: Write in detail about the effects of presence as well as absence of MCS and reporter gene in a…

A: MCS (Multiple Cloning Sites ) -- Multiple cloning site is region of D.N.A. with in a plasmid that…

Q: transmission electron micrographs during viral infection cycles of both in vitro and in vivo…

A: Electron micrographs are obtained with the help of electron transmission microscope. It helps in the…

Q: Does the plasmid integrate into host genome when the AAV is introduced to patient? Explain

A: Plasmid known as an autonomously, circular and self-replicating molecules whose vectors have been…

Q: explain The lytic cycle of phage multiplication

A: The lytic cycle of phage multiplication includes the production of viral progeny in the bacterial…

Q: What practices contribute to the spread of antibioticresistance? Explain how antisense RNA…

A: Antibiotics are the drugs used to inhibit or slow down the multiplication of bacteria. They are…

Q: How can DNA sequencing be used to identify other classes of pathogens such as viruses

A: DNA Carries the gene which codes for the protein .These proteins are responsible for expression of…

Q: Classify each statement as true of generalized transduction or specialized transduction. Generalized…

A: Introduction Transduction Is A Method Of Transferring Genetic Information From One Bacteria To…

Industrial Processes

Industrial processes result in the manufacturing of products (biological products, such as enzymes, medicine) on a large scale using different methods, such as physical and chemical procedures. Few products such as pharmaceuticals, agricultural products, food items, etc., involve microbes and their enzymes. Such processes are termed industrial biological processes. Microbiology and biotechnology enable us to utilize the ability of microorganisms to produce enzymes, primary metabolites, and secondary metabolites, which in turn help to produce the desired products.