Describe what happens to a non-halophile bacteria in food when the water activity is changed from 0.9 to 0.88 based on the effects of low water activity. "

Q: Describe the mechanisms microbes use to maintain an internal neutral pH. Explain how extreme pH…

A: pH means the potential of hydrogen ions in the solution. It is measured on logarithmic that…

Q: What characteristics of a water molecule make it polar? Give two examples of why this property is…

A: The molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The bonds between the atoms are…

Q: Measurement of Bacterial Growth @ 4°C Plot of Absorbance vs. Time (mins) -LB, pH 3.2 LB, pH 7.2 -LB,…

A: Bacterial growth occurs when a bacterium divides into two daughter cells, a process known as binary…

Q: Why is ionizing radiation more effective than UV radiation forsterilization of food products?

A: Ionizing radiations are the radiations that are released by the atoms that travels in the form of…

Q: Would you expect a heterotrophic organism to grow in an inorganicsynthetic medium? Explain.

A: A heterotrophic organism is an organism that feeds on other animals or plants for nutrition and…

Q: Explain the adaptation that allows thermophiles to survive in very high temperatures.

A: Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms that are unicellular in nature. The optimum temperature is that…

Q: Explain how osmotic pressure and pH are used in preserving foods. What effects do they have on…

A: The microbes play important role in the food technology and food manufacturing industry. They can…

Q: Two microorganisms that use naphthalene as a food source have the same Umax but different Ks values…

A: Ks is half velocity constant. S (concentration of substrate) is same. Vmax is same. Ks is inversely…

Q: Most living organisms cannot survive at temperature above 45°C. How are some microbes able to live…

A: Mesophile is an organism that grows best in moderate temperature, neither too hot nor too cold. Cold…

Q: Explain 2 factors that influence microbial growth.

A: The growth of microorganisms  are very much dependent on different factors that controls the growth…

Q: 1) Discuss this graph in the meaning of substrate depletion. 100 80 [P] 60 40 20 20 40 60 80 100…

A: Substrate: S Substrate concentration: [S] Product  : P Substrate concentration : Becomes depleted…

Q: Explain why bacteria are limited to growth within a given temperature range? Explain why bacteria…

A: Bacteria are single-celled organisms with a small size. Bacteria can be found practically everywhere…

Q: Most living organisms cannot survive at temperature above 450C. How are some microbes able to live…

A: The organisms which can survive at higher temperatures  are known as thermophiles which have a…

Q: Besides dehydrated foods, how might the amount of water available to microbes be decreased? Group of…

A: Dehydration is a method that has been used for centuries to preserve foods such as raisins, etc. It…

Q: How do effects of pH, salt composition, and solute valence on partitioning of bioproducts compare in…

A: The product made from the biomass is known as bioproducts. The improvement of upstream technologies…

Q: In some cases, why does a chemical is more effective as a microbicide  when it is diluted rather…

A: An antimicrobial is an agent that kills microorganisms or stops their growth. Antimicrobial…

Q: Describe how each of the following physical factors affect microbial growth and aid in…

A: Microbial growth It is defined as an enhancement in the number of cells of microbes. there are…

Q: If two cultures of facultative anaerobes were grown under identical condition expect that one was…

A: Depending on the presence of oxygen, optional anaerobes may alter their metabolic processes, using…

Q: Suppose you wish to test a species of bacteria to see if it will grow under anaerobic conditions.…

A:

Q: Which one below is not one of the ways to reduce fouling in organic membranes? *

A: Membrane fouling in almost all membrane processes is normally caused by precipitation and deposition…

Q: the ways to increase the yield and decrease the cost for production of commercially…

A: Materials that are necessary for the successful conduction of metabolism in living organisms are…

Q: Design a concept map on microbial growth that would contain the key features of the following…

A: Controlling microbial growth is essential in many practical situations, and research in this area of…

Q: A Food Microbiologist would like to determine all the possible effects of temperature and pH on…

A: Rate of growth refers to the The rate at which the number of organisms in a population grows. This…

Q: a. Is there a microbe that could grow on a medium that contains onlythe following compounds…

A: Nutrients are essential for the growth of micro-organisms. It plays essential for the proper growth…

Q: Discuss briefly the phases of Microbial Growth Curve and why it is useful to plot the microbial…

A: For microbial growth many factors are important such as nutrients, temperature, pH, moisture and…

Q: The authors of this paper also tested another minimal media (Media C) which is exactly the same as…

A: Media C has a pH of 7.4 and media B has a pH of 7.1 qhich means that C is more basic than B and thus…

Q: Describe the basic eff ects of temperature on microbes.

A: Bacteria, eukaryotes, and other microorganisms can only survive and reproduce in a limited range of…

Q: microbial motility.

A: Motility test is used to determine if organisms are motile or not. It is the ability of an organism…

Q: explain in your own words why thermophile organism gorws well at 55 Celsius

A: Microorganisms and their activities play a critical role in practically all of the processes that…

Q: determination of microbial motility, why do you think the microorganisms are ubiquitous?

A: Solution : The motility test is used to determine whether an organism is motile or non-motile.…

Q: Measurement of Bacterial Growth in LB, pH 3.2 Plot of Absorbance vs. Time (mins) 4"c 37°C --45°C 1.2…

A: Prokaryotes are the primitive organisms that were the first to develop and harness life on Earth.…

Q: Define water activity and briefly describe how it can be determined. Why is it difficult for…

A: The tiny organisms that cannot be observed by unaided eyes are the microorganisms. The microbes…

Q: Measurement of Bacterial Growth in LB, pH 3.2 Plot of Absorbance vs. Time (mins) c 37c 45'c 0.6 0.4…

A: The bacterial growth curve consists of four distinct growth phases: Lag Phase, Exponential Phase,…

Q: Classify the electron holders used by microorganisms according to the rate of biodegradation. What…

A: Biodegradation refers to the disintegration of organic matter using microorganisms like fungi and…

Q: Earlier biochemists called substrate cycles “futile cycles.” Why might they have chosen such a name?…

A: Energy production is one of the main functions of cells. Cells use substrates, such as glucose to…

Q: Distinguish between the terms halophilic and halotolerant microorganisms. Give one example of each.

A: Some Microorganisms have the unique ability to withstand harsh environmental conditions because of…

Q: The term "turbidity" in microbiology refers to: a cloudy appearance in broth, meaning microorganisms…

A: Introduction :  Turbidity refers to the quality of being cloudy, opaque with suspended matter.

Q: If I add 10 microliters of a culture at 106 cells/mL to 990 microliters of nutrient broth, what is…

A: Cell density refers to number of cells present per unit volume. It is usually expressed in cells/mL.

Q: (b) A Food material containing Bacillus stearothermophilus PS1518 as an indicator organism ts…

A: Given : F0 = integration t0[(T-T0)/z]dt

Q: ite a short note on "Need of Medium Optimization".

A: A medium is an enriched growth requirement which is needed for the optimum and proper growth  of…

Q: Some marine bacteria, such as Cytophaga species, live and grow well inside fish guts and in waters…

A: Cytophaga  is responsible for the cold water disease in trout and results in skin lesions and occurs…

Q: What is the effect of pH in the shelf life of unsterilized media? [Answer in not more than 2…

A: The shelf life of unsterilized media will decrease due to the pH.

Q: Most living organisms cannot survive at temperature above 450c.How are some microbes able to live in…

A: Micro-organism are tiny organisms that cannot be seen by the naked eye, but are visible under…

Q: Extreme halophiles survive in environments that contain a high level of _______.   Question 7…

A: High salinity describes an intense setting that comparatively few bodies have been prepared to…

Q: Which of the following has been shown to cause corrosion in iron pipes? O A. extreme ferrophiles O…

A: Corrosion: Corrosion is the natural transformation of a refined metal into a more chemically stable…

Q: Which one of the below given biomolecules can serve as the immobilized layer on biomaterials…

A: Biotine serve as the immobilized layer on biomaterials surfaces.  Among the given options of Human…

Q: 1. Define and differentiate the following terms: a. halophilic b. Capnophilic c. Microaerophilic

A: Microorganism required oxygen, various nutrients and suitable environment for their growth and…

Substance Abuse

Substance abuse refers to the use of illegal drugs in excessive quantities, as well as the misuse of legal substances such as prescription or over-the-counter pharmaceuticals or alcohol for purposes other than those intended. Drug addiction, also known as substance use disorder, is a disease that affects the brain and behavior of a person. It leads to a failure to control the use of any drug or prescription, legal or illegal.