(b) A Food material containing Bacillus stearothermophilus PS1518 as an indicator organism ts subjected to heat sterilization at 121 C. Calculate the time required to reduce the organism to one tenth of the original number. Fo value for the organism is 4 minutes and the decimal reduction time , D, at 116°C is 40 minutes. Assume operation is at constant temperature of 121°C. HINT Fo = -To 10 dt Where Fo = equivalent exposure time at 121°C of the actual exposure time at a variable temperature To = the reference temperature =121 C, z=10 = number ofC necessary for10fold increase in F
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- How would you make two-fold serial dilutions such that the last tube is a 1:32 dilution of the original, concentrated material? Assume that you need to have at least 500 µl of each dilution, and you should be able to perform the dilutions in microfuge tubes with a maximum capacity of 1.5 ml.Given the following common laboratory materials, which of the three methods of heat sterilization do you think is the most appropriate and practical to use in sterilizing them ? Why do you think so ? a) empty flask b)L-rod (glass rod c)10 ml glass pipet d) wire needles e)antibiotic solutionWhen is sterilization by filtration preferred over sterilization by heat? Why? What makes heat an effective sterilizing agent? Why are the conditions required for sterilization greater for dry heat (160-180°C for 1-2hrs) than for steam (121°C for 15min)?
- For an exponentially growing culture that increases from 5 *106cells/ml to 5 * 108cells/ml in 8 h, calculate g, n, and k forthis culture.How can a life cycle of microorganism and heat resistance graph be used to determine the boiling time and temperature of heat treatment?When preparing samples for SDS-PAGE, what is the purpose of boiling the samples at 95°C?
- You are given reference temperature 121 °C, Z value 10 °C, F0 15 min for killing Clostridium botulinum in commercial sterilization. Calculate F value when sterilized at 131 °C in canning processing.What is the hazard of the splattering tendency in flame sterilizing an inoculating loop? Can inoculation loops and needles be sterilized by autoclaving? Explain When is sterilization by filtration preferred over sterilization by heat? Why?What nutrients do the following media components contain? Peptone Yeast extract Beef extract Potato infusion Agar Why should agar media be completely dissolved before they are dispensed in tubes and plates? What are the bases for pegging the temperature at 1210C for 15-30 minutes during moist heat sterilization and 1800C for two (2) hours using dry heat sterilization? 1.Can you sterilize culture media using dry heat sterilization? Why is that so? You will notice in the videos shown, the cotton plug is not used. What is role of cotton plug in media prep, sterilization and culture of microorganisms? Instead of using cotton plug, plastic screw-cap is used, can you substitute this for the former? Is it technically acceptable in microbiology?Please include source
- In bacterial teansfomation, why is 42oC being used as the chosen temperature for heat shock protocol?Is the autoclaving process absolute in killing all microorganisms? If not, what are the factors that hinder effective sterilization through autoclaving? When can you say that the sterility of an instrument is compromise?In autoclaving media and glassware, why do you need to maintain the temperature at 121 0C and pressure at 15 psi for 15 to 20 min? What will happen if this was done in only for 10 min? Can you autoclave lab materials and decontaminate cultures at the same time?