Describe different axon guidance mechanisms. Compare and contrast netrins, semaphorins, cadherins, and ephrins: in what way are netrins and cadherins similar in effect, and in what way are they different? In what way are semaphorins and ephrins similar, and in what way do they differ?

Q: Name the following ion channels are sensitive to pressure waves in fluid of the inner ear?…

A: Introduction The organs of hearing and equilibrium are a pair of ears that are situated on the sides…

Q: 1. Activation of Olfactory Receptors: odorants are dissolved in mucus surrounding olfactory neurons…

A: 1.  1st blank - Olfactory-Type G protein 2nd blank - cyclic AMP 2.  1st blank - thalamus 2nd blank -…

Q: Discuss and explain the hormonal control and biochemistry of sclerotization of an insect's cuticle.

A: Sclerotization is a process of cuticular stiffening that usually occurs within a few hours after…

Q: What is the importance of Receptor Field Overlap?

A: RECEPTIVE FIELDS:      Receptive fields depicts that the region of space, when a stimulant…

Q: Differentiate between the function of rapidly adapting and slowlyadapting receptors?

A: Receptors refers to the structure which detects the stimulus and converts the stimulus into an…

Q: Which effector tissues have cholinergic receptors? Pumping cells? Afferent arteriole of the kidney?…

A: Cholinergic receptors are receptors on the surface of cells that get activated when they bind a type…

Q: Briefly describe three methods of “closing the gate” and reduc-ing pain.

A: Pain referred to as an unpleasant feeling which can be mild to very severe and occurs in the body…

Q: What is the function of themyelin sheath? Do all axonspresent a myelin sheath?

A: The insulating covering around the nerve cell is termed as the myelin sheath. The myelin sheath is…

Q: Write a short note on neuroglea?

A: Nervous system involves highly complex part of the animal that controls and co-ordinates the actions…

Q: Compare and contrast ionotropic and signaling. Which senses use which type?

A: The ionotropic receptors are ligand-gated ion channel openings. The metabotropic receptors, on the…

Q: Identify the types of axons that compose the gray and whiterami communicantes, describe their…

A: Ramus communicans is the term that is used to denote the nerve that connects the other two nerves,…

Q: Compare and contrast somatosensation and pain pathways.

A: In our body, there are a great deal of receptors that initiate the overall activity of the body.…

Q: miraculin on the perception of taste

A: Miraculin is a  taste modifier a glycoprotein  extracted from the fruit of  berry (Synsepalum…

Q: Keeping all other aspects of the scenario the same, what would happen if someone cut your optic…

A: Damage to the optic chiasm causes damage to the temporal sides of the eyes called as bitemporal…

Q: Transmitters in pain control system include all the following, except :-a- serotoninb-…

A: Transmitters or neurotransmitters are the chemical moieties that acts as signalling molecule and…

Q: How would the afferent pathway be affected by exposing this entire neuron to a drug that blocks…

A: Afferent pathway is a neural pathway which helps in conduction of nerve impulses from the sense…

Q: How do proteins and other chemicals synthesized in the soma get to the axon terminals? By what…

A: Each neuron consists of a cell body called Cyton and it has numerous branches called nerve fibers…

Q: Explain the process Polarisation of the membrane of a nerve fibre.

A: Nerve fibre or axon is a part of a neuron. A neuron is the basic structural and functional component…

Q: A patient has been exposed to the organophosphate pesticide malathion,which inactivates…

A: Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a kind of primary enzyme that plays a major role in the hydrolytic…

Q: What is the muscarininc acetylcholine receptor?  Where is it expressed?

A: Membrane proteins are proteins that are embedded in the cell membrane. Unsurprisingly, they are…

Q: Explain M-fibers and P-fibers axon types that exit the eye. Where do these fibers project (and on…

A: Type M retinal ganglion cells are mainly color-insensitive motion detectors. Type P retinal ganglion…

Q: Match the informational signal in the left column with the appropriate category from the right…

A: Afferent fibers brings sensory information from peripheral receptors to central nervous system .…

Q: An enriched environment promotes growth of axons and dendrites in laboratory rodents. What is known…

A: The axon carries all the brain data to sense the surroundings and perform a behavior. Neurons must…

Q: Are receptors metabotropic? Explain with an example?

A: Neurotransmitters are known as well define to state that they are been as sometimes referred to as…

Q: A. Inhibitory interneurons. B. Second messenger pathways. C. Coincidence detection. D. None of the…

A: There are neural processing strategies like inhibitory neurons, coincidence detection, second…

Q: Denervation supersensitivityof the muscle in LMN lesions is due to : -a- increased release of…

A: Any lesion which affects nerve fibers traveling from the anterior horn of the spinal cord or in…

Q: How is the information about which receptors have been activated transmitted to the brain?

A: The sensory receptors are present on the sensory organ, such a skin (touch receptors), taste buds…

Q: On the graph above, when do the sodium ion channels close? Select one: a. between 0.2 ms and 0.5 ms,…

A: When the stimulus is provided, the Sodium ion VGIC's (Voltage-gated ion channel) move from resting…

Q: ● What are the characteristics of surface receptors and their ligands compared to nuclear receptors?…

A: Introduction : A receptor is a cell, tissue or an organ that is able to identify and respond to a…

Q: Briefly compare ion channel–linked receptors, G protein–linked receptors, enzyme-linked receptors,…

A: Ion channel–linked receptors-     Ion channel receptors are a vital component of nervous…

Q: What is transmitter gated ion channels? What is their purpose?

A: Ion channel – the integral membrane protein in the cell membrane that allows the passage of ion…

Q: In the prototypical neuron explain in detail the electro-chemical events that characterize an action…

A:

Q: what process do transmitter molecules move across the synaptic cleft?

A: Neurons communicate with one another at junctions called synapses. At a synapse, one neuron sends a…

Q: Write down the receptor and co-receptor of the HIV virus that causes AIDS. Where are these receptors…

A: HIV is a Human Immunodeficiency virus which is responsible for causing AIDs.  HIV make the body…

Q: Identify and describe the three criteria used to classify receptors.

A: Receptors  Receptors are glycoproteins present on the cell surface or inside the cell and help in…

Q: Describe the three major somatosensory pathways.

A: The nerve signals are relayed from the brain to other organs through the spinal cord. Based on the…

Q: Differentiate between phasic and tonic receptors and describe types of pain control and how they…

A: Receptors are a specialised protein molecules which are either placed on the cell surface or inside…

Q: Certain types of neurotoxins prevent depolarization of the axon. What specific type of channel is…

A: The depolarization and repolarization of membrane potential is known as an action potential or nerve…

Q: Distinguish between tonic and phasic receptors

A: The sensory neurons are less sensitive in the presence of the constant stimulus and decreased the…

Q: Explain the anatomy and function of the reticular activating system (RAS).

A: The brain is the most complex organ of the body that forms the part of the central nervous…

Q: Neuronal pathway in Alzheimer’s disease and how it works . Draw a diagram .

A: In Alzheimer's disease, memory abilities are lost not because the brain can no longer store…

Q: How Are Receptor Signals Transduced?

A: Introduction: When a ligand binds to the outside region of the receptor, signal transduction occurs.…

Q: Name the following ion channels are sensitive to pressure waves in fluid of the inner ear!…

A: One of the most delicate organs in the human body is the ear. It is crucial for maintaining bodily…

Q: axon pathfinding

A: This question is about axon pathfinding.

Q: Discuss the functional differences between ionotropic andmetabotropic receptors.

A: Membrane receptors are divided into two categories: ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. A…