Determine the composition of each phase at 1300C, 1250C, and 1200C temperatures. Indicate wt%Ni of the first solid to form and the last liquid to solidify. Show it on phase diagram below.
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(a) Determine the composition of each phase at 1300C, 1250C, and 1200C temperatures. Indicate wt%Ni of the first solid to form and the last liquid to solidify. Show it on phase diagram below.
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- For the solidification of nickel, calculate the critical radius r* and the activation energy ΔG* if nucleation is homogeneous. Values for the latent heat of fusion and surface free energy are -2.53×109 J/m3 and 0.255 J/m2, respectively. The supercooling value ΔT for the homogeneous nucleation of Ni is 319 oC. The melting point for Ni is 1455 oC.On the continuous growth, Calculate the interfacial undercooling if the melting temperature is 600 K and the latent heat of melting is given as 30 kJ/kg? (Assume the driving force for solidification as 45 kJ/kg?(a) For the solidification of iron, calculate the critical radius r* and the activation free energy ΔG* if nucleation is homogeneous. Values for the latent heat of fusion and surface free energy are –1.85 × 109 J/m3 and 0.204 J/m2, respectively. Use the supercooling value ΔT = 286 K, and the melting point of iron is 1538°C. (Critical radius, r* in nm and Activation Free Energy ΔG* in J) (b) Now calculate the number of atoms found in a nucleus of critical size. Assume a lattice parameter of 0.292 nm for solid iron at its melting temperature. (Number of Atoms for Critical Size in atoms/critical nuclues)
- Which ingot has greater mechanical resistance? Why? Explain in detail what occurred during solidification.What is the critical value of G to avoid constitutional supercooling for the directional solidification of an Al-Cu alloy, containing 3 wt.% copper, at a rate of 0.05 mm/s? For these alloys, k = 0.14, m = -2.6oC/wt% and D = 3x10-5 cm 2 /s. Here G is the thermal gradient into the liquid phase, k is the partition coefficient of the alloy, and D is the diffusivity of solute in the liquid phase.3 Materials Science. From picture below.Describe in detail the phase transformations (showing cooling curves, corresponding optical backgrounds, etc.) that takes place during solidification of the following alloys:(a) 99% Cu - 1% Al(b) 96% Cu - 4% Al(c) 80% Cu - 20% Al
- A liquid cast iron has a density of 7.65 g/cm3. Immediately after solidification, the density of the solid cast iron is found to be 7.71 g/cm3. Determine the percent volume change that occurs during solidification. Does the cast iron expand or contract during solidification?To produce martensite, do you need to use a very slow cooling rate? Why or why not ?Silicon having a melting point of 1412ºC forms an alloy with aluminum having a melting point of 660°C. The solidification temperature of the alloy is observed to be at 580°C at which the mass fraction of silicon is 0.125. Represent the liquid-solid diagram from the given data. Determine the phases present in the following conditions:
- What is a eutectic composition?Why are Ni3Al (γ') precipitates particularly effective at strengthening nickel-based superalloys?2b) Figure 3 shows a cooling curve of Cadmium (Cd). Determine (i) the solidification temperature;(ii) the superheat;(iii) the cooling rate, just before solidification begins; (iv) the total solidification time; (v) the local solidification time; and(vi) If the cooling curve was obtained at the center of the casting sketched in the figure, determine the mold constant, assuming that n = 2.