Did Zampelas et al. (2005) perform a post hoc analysis in their study?  If so which one?  Provide a rationale.  When is a post hoc analysis performed?  The Bonferroni correction involves reducing the alpha as a basis for comparison with the study results. In this study how many comparisons are they making?  What would the adjusted alpha be if using the Bonferroni correction?  Show your work.

Linear Algebra: A Modern Introduction
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Chapter7: Distance And Approximation
Section7.3: Least Squares Approximation
Problem 31EQ
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Based on the table attached:

  1. Did Zampelas et al. (2005) perform a post hoc analysis in their study?  If so which one?  Provide a rationale. 
  2. When is a post hoc analysis performed? 
  3. The Bonferroni correction involves reducing the alpha as a basis for comparison with the study results. In this study how many comparisons are they making?  What would the adjusted alpha be if using the Bonferroni correction?  Show your work.  
  4. Did the authors note any differences in gender with regard to fish consumption and inflammatory markers? What does this result mean? 
  5. When compared with the non-fish consumers, those who consumed >300 g of fish per week had on average ____% lower CRP. Was this result significant?  How do you know? 
  6. What was the value of Amyloid A (mg/dl) for the group that made up the largest percentage of the sample? How much fish did this group consume? 
  7. Do the study findings have implications for health care? If so what are they?  Provide a rationale for your answer. 
Table 2. Inflammatory Markers and Daily Fish Consumption
Fish Consumption
No.
<150 g/week
150-300 g/week
>300 g/week
p Value
Number of participants (%)
C-reactive protein (mg/1)
Interleukin-6 (ng/ml)
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (mg/dl)
Amyloid A (mg/dl)
White blood cells (X1,000 counts)
319 (11%)
1,719 (56%)
2.0 + 1.1t
1.3 + 0.64
745 (24%)
2.0 + 2.1t
1.2 + 1.1t
259 (9%)
1.8 + 1.1t
1.0 + 0.3+
2.7 + 1.2
0.004
1.5 + 0.5
0.03
5.3 +3
5.1 + 2
4.7 + 3+
5.1 + 44
6.5 + 44
4.2 + 24
<0.001
5.9 + 4
4.6 + 3+
6.5 + 34
6.4 + 4
0.004
6.8 ±3
6.7 +4
0.04
No gender differences were observed. "p - values derived from ANOVA that evaluated the associations between inflammatory markers (dependent) and fish intake (independent
factor). #p < 0.05 and tp < 0.01 (Bonferroni-corrected) for the differences between fish consumption groups vs. no consumption. Probability values derived from the analysis
of variance (ANOVA).
Transcribed Image Text:Table 2. Inflammatory Markers and Daily Fish Consumption Fish Consumption No. <150 g/week 150-300 g/week >300 g/week p Value Number of participants (%) C-reactive protein (mg/1) Interleukin-6 (ng/ml) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (mg/dl) Amyloid A (mg/dl) White blood cells (X1,000 counts) 319 (11%) 1,719 (56%) 2.0 + 1.1t 1.3 + 0.64 745 (24%) 2.0 + 2.1t 1.2 + 1.1t 259 (9%) 1.8 + 1.1t 1.0 + 0.3+ 2.7 + 1.2 0.004 1.5 + 0.5 0.03 5.3 +3 5.1 + 2 4.7 + 3+ 5.1 + 44 6.5 + 44 4.2 + 24 <0.001 5.9 + 4 4.6 + 3+ 6.5 + 34 6.4 + 4 0.004 6.8 ±3 6.7 +4 0.04 No gender differences were observed. "p - values derived from ANOVA that evaluated the associations between inflammatory markers (dependent) and fish intake (independent factor). #p < 0.05 and tp < 0.01 (Bonferroni-corrected) for the differences between fish consumption groups vs. no consumption. Probability values derived from the analysis of variance (ANOVA).
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