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Q 47: Discuss the limitations faced in implementing gender budgeting in India.
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- Y8 Analysis on the perceived occurrence of challenges delaying the delivery of water infrastructure assets in South AfricaIntroductionInfrastructure development is of paramount importance for a sustainable economy that is competitive and productive. However, inflexible government’s fiscal policies, high budget deficits and lack of debt reduction strategies experienced by the public sector directly affect infrastructure development (Ruiters and Matji, 2015). The public sector experiences challenges of provisioning for public infrastructure assets. There are many challenges delaying infrastructure development. The study explored infrastructure backlog and deficits as alarming challenges to adequately fund and deliver water infrastructure assets in South Africa. Kudumela (2015) outlines challenges of infrastructure development: insufficient skills capacity at the municipal level, lack of funding, political instability and corruption, while Senyakoe (2011) indicates that municipalities…Budgeting and financial management are at the core of economic and public sector program in most nation. The Malaysian government budget theme for 2019 is "Credible Malaysian,dynamic economy, prosperous rakyat", focuses on institutional reforms,the people's wellbeing and promotion of entrepreneurial culture. (a) There are FOUR (4) types of budgeting system in public sector. Explain. i) Modified Budgeting System (MBB) ii) Traditional Budgeting System (TBS) iii) Outcome Based Budgeting (OBB) iv) Program and Performance Budgeting System (PPBS) (b) Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the above FOUR (4) budgeting systems. (c) The Malaysian government aims to reduce the deficit in budget due to expenditure commitment by the previous administration (Star, 2 Nov 2018). Recommend THREE (3) initiatives to the government on how to tackle the problem.provide a critical discussion of how the zero based budgeting approach can be a strategic budget reform that could improve municipal finances
- Controls are the measures that governments put in place to deal with overspending Select one: • True • False If the tone at the top is successful adopted, then there is a high risk of unethical behaviour. Select one: • True O False An incremental budget is a type of budget that is prepared through the subtraction of capital from a previous period's budget Select one: • True • False The two main categories of government revenue are: a. Income from Public Secior Bodies and Dividends. b. Revenue Receipts and Capital Receipts c. Tax Revenue and Income from loans d. Direct Taxes and Indirect TaxesScenario: The bill includes $130 billion to allow for a return to full-time, in-person teaching at K-12 schools. assistance to small busines, landlords and renters: 30 Billion Obomacare Expansion: 34.2 Billion Child Tax Credit Boost: 110 Billion Vaccine Distribution: 160 Billion school credit: 1 Billion Coronavirus Preparedness and response supplemental appropriation act: 8.3 Billion Families first coronavirus reposne act 225 billion paycheck protection program: 483 Billion Consolidated appropriations act: 920 Billion So we just had one of biggest (if not THE biggest) actions of Fiscal Policy. Now using the Agg Model, you will explain what is happening now... Now please graph what that anticipated impacts of the Biden Covid bill on the Agg Economy. Please label both axis, insert AD (AD-2), draw the initial LRAS (as LRAS-1) and SRAS (as SRAS-1) (ie before the pandemic) and the initial equilibrium/expansion/recession (Real GDP-1). Then draw a new the new graphs that you represent…Scenario: The bill includes $130 billion to allow for a return to full-time, in-person teaching at K-12 schools. assistance to small busines, landlords and renters: 30 Billion Obomacare Expansion: 34.2 Billion Child Tax Credit Boost: 110 Billion Vaccine Distribution: 160 Billion school credit: 1 Billion Coronavirus Preparedness and response supplemental appropriation act: 8.3 Billion Families first coronavirus reposne act 225 billion paycheck protection program: 483 Billion Consolidated appropriations act: 920 Billion So we just had one of biggest (if not THE biggest) actions of Fiscal Policy. Now using the Agg Model, you will explain what is happening now... Question: Now describe the anticipated impacts of the Biden Covid Bill. Remember, the focus is only on one side of the equation: is it Agg. Demand or Agg Supply? Please be specific with provisions in the bill and anticipated impacts on the economy (affecting C, G, Net X or I).
- explain the four (4) ambitious targets Open Budget Survey sets to achieve open budgets within five years.One of the basic functions of budgeting process is delegating authority streamlining expenditures evaluating managerial performance implementing structural change in a company All of the aboveWhich of the following is not a characteristic of a capital expenditure, for the purposes of government budgeting? a. recurring nature b. large price tag c. long life d. intergenerational equity
- As you have seen, public budgeting is inherently political. Indeed, it is driven by an acutely political cycle: For example: 1) Politicians promise benefits in order to get elected; 2) Those promised benefits often come at high expense; 3) If campaign promises are to be kept, taxes must be raised or reorganized in order to transfer and transform private wealth into government revenue to cover those expenses; 4) Individuals losing wealth through higher taxes may seek to remove from office the politicians that raised their taxes, and so on. In light of this cycle, many individuals, institutions, political challengers and think tanks may work to hold elected officials accountable for their public budgeting decisions. For this discussion, you will provide and explain an example of political strategies used to hold elected officials accountable for taxing/spending policy and an example of a political strategy used by politicians to avoid the potentially negative consequences of deficit…The state of Alabama has legally earmarked around 85 percent of its state budget. This means that: a. In the annual appropriation process, members of the state legislature typically earmark particular locations in which spending will occur, thereby preventing administrative discretion in how appropriated funds get used. b. 85 percent of the money received for the state budget is allocated to particular uses in permanent law and is not subject to annual allocation by the legislature c. Individuals may receive benefits from the state if they meet criteria established in the earmarking legislation d. 85 percent of the budget is legally under control of the state legislatureWhat are the major weaknesses of both the current services and fixed-ceiling public budgeting approaches?