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Discuss the role of par genes in generating anterior/posterior polarity in the C. elegans embryo.
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- Explain the functional roles of maternal-effect genes, gap genes, pair-rule genes, and segment-polarity genes in Drosophila development.Discuss how the anterior portion of the anteroposterior axis is established in Drosophila. What aspects of oogenesis are critical in establishing this axis? What do you think would happen if the bicoid mRNA was not trapped at the anterior end but instead diffused freely throughout the oocyte?Name three possible factors contributing to early asymmetries in a developing embryo (i.e. what are the kinds of things early on that lead to the development of the body axes - dn, a/p, l/r, etc)? In the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster, the anterior-to-posterior body axis becomes segmented into distinct regions. explain the role of the genes bicoid and nanos in this process.
- You isolate a glp-1 mutation of C. elegans and discoverthat the DNA region encoding the spatial control region(SCR) has been deleted. What will the GLP-1 protein expression pattern be in a four-cell embryo in mutant heterozygotes? In mutant homozygotes?Discuss, using different examples, how biological pathways are informed by forward genetic screening in C. elegans.Describe the expression pattern of the Drosophila geneeve in the early embryo.
- Explain why axis-determination is a crucial aspect of embryonic development. Explain how maternal-effect genes encode cytoplasmic factors that play a role in axis determination.You isolate a glp-1 mutation of C. elegans and discover that the DNA region encoding the spatial control region (SCR) has been deleted. What will the GLP-1 protein expression pattern be in a four-cell embryo in mutant heterozygotes? In mutant homozygotes?What would be the most likely effect of inhibiting the translation of hunchback mRNA throughout a Drosophila embryo?
- Explain the role of axis formation in development.Briefly describe how the bicoid and nanos genes help to determine the anterior–posterior axis of the fruit fly.What is the signaling pathway that mediates the organizing activity of the A/P organizer in the Drosophila wing disc? Describe two experiments that suggest this pathway functions to organize pattern and promote growth along the anterior/posterior axis of wing imaginal discs.
