DNA was extracted from met leu his pro bacteria and used to transform met leu" his pro bacteria, which were then assayed for their nutritional requirements and the respective numbers of the following colonies were found: met leu met pro met+his+ + pro leu + pro his leu+ his 0 1 met 0 4 0 2 Which of the following maps is correct? And, which two genes are likely to be closest to each other? leu -- met -- his -- pro; met & leu and met & his and pro & his are equally close to each other ----------- pro ---- leu --------- his; pro & leu are closet to each other pro ----- leu -- his -- met ; his & leu and his & met are equally close to each other his promet -- his --------- leu ----- pro; pro & his and met & his are equally close to each other

DNA was extracted from met leu his pro bacteria and used to transform met leu" his pro bacteria, which were then assayed for their nutritional requirements and the respective numbers of the following colonies were found: met leu met pro met+his+ + pro leu + pro his leu+ his 0 1 met 0 4 0 2 Which of the following maps is correct? And, which two genes are likely to be closest to each other? leu -- met -- his -- pro; met & leu and met & his and pro & his are equally close to each other ----------- pro ---- leu --------- his; pro & leu are closet to each other pro ----- leu -- his -- met ; his & leu and his & met are equally close to each other his promet -- his --------- leu ----- pro; pro & his and met & his are equally close to each other

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter8: The Structure, Replication, And Chromosomal Organization Of Dna

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 6QP: Recently, scientists discovered that a rare disorder called polkadotism is caused by a bacterial...

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. While perusing the E. coli K12 genome sequence,you come across a gene with no known function. Theamino acid sequence of the gene’s protein productshows weak similarities with known porins, proteinsthat cross a cellular membrane to let molecules suchas amino acid or sugar nutrients (or drugs like penicillin) pass through. Some porins are nonspecific and letany solute up to a certain size transit into the cell.Other porins are specific and allow the transit ofcertain sugars but not others. What genetic experiments could you do to try to determine whether thisnew gene has a specific function in allowing bacterialcells to scavenge the sugar maltose from the environment? Describe scenarios that might complicate yourexperimental approach.
Cold sensitive mutation (Cs) results in a mutant phenotype below a particular temperature. Bacteria with mutation ess-2 (Ts) can form colonies at 32oC but not at 37oC and 42oC, while bacteria with mutation ess-5 (Cs) can form colonies at 42oC but not at 32oC and 37oC. What would be the phenotype of an ess-2 (Ts) and ess-5 (Cs) double mutant?
An interesting trait that some bacteria exhibit is resistance to beingkilled by antibiotics. For example, certain strains of bacteria areresistant to tetracycline, whereas other strains are sensitive to tetracycline.Describe an experiment you would carry out to demonstratethat tetracycline resistance is an inherited trait encoded bythe DNA of the resistant strain.
In the experiment of Figure shown , a met− bio− thr+ leu+ thi+ cellcould become met+ bio+ thr+ leu+ thi+ by a (rare) double mutationthat converts the met− bio− genes into met+ bio+. Likewise, a met+bio+ thr− leu− thi− cell could become met+ bio+ thr+ leu+ thi+ bythree mutations that convert the thr− leu− thi− genes into thr+ leu+thi+. From the results of Figure shown, how do you know that the occurrenceof 10 met+ bio+ thr+ leu+ thi+ colonies is not due to thesetypes of rare double or triple mutations?
The amino acid sequence of part of a protein has beendetermined:N . . . Gly Ala Pro Arg Lys . . . CA mutation has been induced in the gene encodingthis protein using the mutagen proflavin. The resultingutant protein can be purified and its amino acidsequence determined. The amino acid sequence of themutant protein is exactly the same as the amino acidsequence of the wild-type protein from the N terminus of the protein to the glycine in the preceding sequence. Starting with this glycine, the sequence ofamino acids is changed to the following:N . . . Gly His Gln Gly Lys . . . CUsing the amino acid sequences, one can determinethe sequence of 14 nucleotides from the wild-typegene encoding this protein. What is this sequence?
Utilizing Hind III and EcoR V Restriction Enzyme with Pet41 and the following gene of interest... a tgaaacaaca aaaacggctt tacgcccgat tgctgacgct gttatttgcg 61 ctcatcttct tgctgcctca ttctgcagca gcggcggcaa atcttaatgg gacgctgatg 121 cagtattttg aatggtacat gcccaatgac ggccaacatt ggaagcgttt gcaaaacgac 181 tcggcatatt tggctgaaca cggtattact gccgtctgga ttcccccggc atataaggga 241 acgagccaag cggatgtggg ctacggtgct tacgaccttt atgatttagg ggagtttcat 301 caaaaaggga cggttcggac aaagtacggc acaaaaggag agctgcaatc tgcgatcaaa 361 agtcttcatt cccgcgacat taacgtttac ggggatgtgg tcatcaacca caaaggcggc 421 gctgatgcga ccgaagatgt aaccgcggtt gaagtcgatc ccgctgaccg caaccgcgta 481 atttcaggag aacacctaat taaagcctgg acacattttc attttccggg gcgcggcagc 541 acatacagcg attttaaatg gcattggtac cattttgacg gaaccgattg ggacgagtcc 601 cgaaagctga accgcatcta taagtttcaa ggaaaggctt gggattggga agtttccaat 661 gaaaacggca actatgatta tttgatgtat gccgacatcg attatgacca tcctgatgtc 721 gcagcagaaa ttaagagatg gggcacttgg tatgccaatg aactgcaatt ggacggtttc 781…
. An Hfr+ strain is used to map three genes: ala, leu, and thr in an interrupted mating experiment. Hfr/ala+, leu+, thr+, camS x F-/ala-, leu-, thr-, camR The cross is initiated at time = 0, and at various times, the mating mixture is plated on three types of medium. Each plate contains minimal medium with chloramphenicol and the amino acids as listed in the table. The data represents the number of colonies growing on each plate. Time of interruption Nutrients added 5 min 10 min 15 min 20 min alanine, leucine 8 21 58 85 leucine, threonine 0 3 19 46 alanine, threonine 0 0 7 16 Based on these data, what is the order of gene transfer relative to one another and to the F-factor.
Robert Bost and Richard Cribbs studied a strain of E. coli (araB14)that possessed a nonsense mutation in the structural gene that encodes Lribulokinase,an enzyme that allows the bacteria to metabolize the sugararabinose (R. Bost and R. Cribbs. 1969. Genetics 62:1–8). From thearaB14 strain, they isolated some bacteria that possessed mutations thatcaused them to revert back to the wild type. Genetic analysis of theserevertants showed that they possessed two different suppressormutations. One suppressor mutation (R1) was linked to the originalmutation in L-ribulokinase and probably occurred at the same locus. Byitself, this mutation allowed the production of L-ribulokinase, but theenzyme produced was not as effective in metabolizing arabinose as theenzyme encoded by the wild-type allele. The second suppressormutation (SuB) was not linked to the original mutation. In conjunctionwith the R1 mutation, SuB allowed the production of L-ribulokinase, butSuB by itself was not able to suppress the…
The gene encoding the beta subunit of RNA polymerase fromEscherichia coli is said to be orthologous to the rpoB gene ofBacillus subtilis. What does that mean about the relationshipbetween the two genes? What protein do you suppose therpoB gene of B. subtilis encodes? The genes for the differentsigma factors of E. coli are paralogous. What does that sayabout the relationship among these genes?
In a cotransformation experiment (see question 4 of More GeneticTIPS), DNA was isolated from a donor strain that was proA+ andstrC+ and sensitive to tetracycline. (The proA and strC genes conferthe ability to synthesize proline and confer streptomycin resistance,respectively.) A recipient strain is proA− and strC− and isresistant to tetracycline. After transformation, the bacteria werefirst streaked on a medium containing proline, streptomycin, andtetracycline. Colonies were then restreaked on a medium containingstreptomycin and tetracycline. (Note: Each type of medium hadcarbon and nitrogen sources for growth.) The following resultswere obtained:70 colonies grew on the medium containing proline, streptomycin,and tetracycline, but only 2 of these 70 colonies grew whenrestreaked on the medium containing streptomycin and tetracyclinebut lacking proline. If we assume the average size of the DNA fragments is 2 minutes,how far apart are these two genes?
We isolate DNA from a bacteria that is wild type for the genes arg leu and his shear it in a blender mix it into a culture of bacteria that is mutant for the genes arg leu and his . We then plate on various media. These are the results: Media with arginine 20 colonies /ml Media with histidine 300 colonies /ml Media with leucine 500 colonies /ml Media with all three 10000 colonies/ml 21. What is this experiment called? A. transpiration B. conjugation C. transformation D. transduction
When 1 million cells of a culture of haploid yeastcarrying a met− auxotrophic mutation were plated onpetri plates lacking methionine (Met), five coloniesgrew. You would expect cells in which the originalmet− mutation was reversed (by a base change back tothe original sequence) would grow on the media lackingmethionine, but some of these apparent reversions couldbe due to a mutation in a different gene that somehowsuppresses the original met− mutations. How wouldyou be able to determine if the mutations in your fivecolonies were due either to a precise reversion of theoriginal met− mutation or to the generation of a suppressor mutation in a gene on another chromosome?