Do the antibiotic-resistant mutants arise in response to the presence of the antibiotic?

Q: Why are the correct primer sequences essential for successful amplification?

A: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a widely used method in molecular biology that is used to make…

Q: Why did RNA silencing develop?

A: RNA silencing or RNA interference is a process of post-transcriptional gene regulation. It is a…

Q: What would be the consequence of the mismatch repair system lacking the methylating enzyme?

A: There are several DNA repair pathways. Mismatch repair system is one of them. During DNA synthesis,…

Q: What is the purpose of the activity “Transgenic Manipulation?”

A: Transgenic manipulation During the last couple of decades , considerable progress have been made…

Q: What is the definition of antibiotic resistance gene?

A: Antibiotics are the antimicrobial chemicals that can be bactericidal (kill the bacteria) or…

Q: What information do learn from the results of the DNA extraction?

A: 1.Breaking cells open to release DNA. 2. Separating DNA from proteins and other cellular debris.…

Q: How Replica plating verifies that bacterial resistanceis the result of preexisting mutations.?

A: When a bacterial population encounters a particular antibiotic, the individuals sensitive to that…

Q: How is Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens modified to convert it into a cloning vector?

A: Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a well-studied species of the gram-negative genus of bacteria, known as…

Q: Why might exome sequencing fail to identify a diseasecausing mutation in an affected person?

A: Exome sequencing can only detect variants in the coding region of genes that have an impact on…

Q: What are the basic steps involved in cloning foreign DNA into a vector?  How do you differentiate an…

A: Cloning Cloning refers to the making of identical copies. DNA cloning is a molecular biology…

Q: What are the components needed for the processes of transformation conjugation and transduction? How…

A: The recipient bacterium during transformation occurs in the extracellular donor DNA. The donor DNA…

Q: Explain The replica plating technique?

A: Replica plating is used in the microbiological experiment. It helps in the testing of various…

Q: What is a chimera and how is it different from a “true transgenic animal”?

A: A chimera is an single organism with DNA of two or three different types in it. For example during…

Q: which is the delivery techniques can bbe used to best transfer recombinant plasmids into E.coli…

A: ANSWER) The process of transferring the recombinant plasmids into the E.coli cells is called…

Q: What does the F plasmid code for?

A: The plasmid is defined as a small, circular, extra-chromosomal, double-stranded DNA molecule present…

Q: What detection method could be used to determine the mutagen added to a microbial culture resulting…

A: The mutagens are chemical mixtures or a type of radiation that cause irreversible and heritable…

Q: From the data, what can you conlucde about the effect of this mutant?

A: The difference between tyrosine and phenylalanine is that tyrosine has an hydroxyl group. The liver…

Q: What is double-knockout animals (DKOs) ?

A: Gene is the basic unit of heredity of an organism. In most animals, Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is…

Q: Why are temperature-sensitive mutations useful for uncovering thefunction of a gene?

A: Mutations are alterations in the DNA sequence due to the mistakes during cell division, exposure to…

Q: Why are nucleic acid probes necessary to lyse cells containing plasmids in order to detect the…

A: Cell lysis is frequently the very first step in most purification techniques for nucleic acids,…

Q: How common is dup15q?

A: Dup15q:- Is characterized by having an extra copy of a portion  of chromosome 15[partial trisomy] in…

Q: What normal role do restriction enzymes play in bacteria? How do bacteria protect their own DNA from…

A: A restriction enzyme is a protein that recognizes a particular DNA sequence and cuts the DNA at a…

Q: Explain The Discovery of CRISPR ?

A: The common technology   that can be used to edit genes is refers as the CRISPR. In other words you…

Q: What does it mean if a restriction enzyme produces ‘sticky’ or ‘blunt’ ends? Does the restriction…

A: The sticky or blunt ends refers to the edges of DNA molecules. The sticky ends tend to overlap to…

Q: How does penicillin enrichment make it easier to isolate mutants?

A: Bacteria are a form of a prokaryote that can be found on the surface of the Earth. Some are harmful…

Q: What is a notch 3 gene mutation test?

A: Notch is a cell surface receptor that receives and transmits signals in notch signalling pathway. It…

Q: What are Hfr-strains? Why were they useful in the early days of bacterial genetics?

A: Horizontal gene transfer is the process of transferring genetic material from one organism to…

Q: During the first successful gene therapy trial in which Ashanti DeSilva was treated for SCID, did…

A: Gene therapy is the process by which defective or non-functional gene can be replaced by a normal…

Q: When is the transformation factor used?

A: According to Griffith's experiments, based on the bacterial transformation through the Streptococcus…

Q: What role did restriction endonucleases play in localizing the gene associated with cystic fibrosis?

A: The gene responsible for cystic fibrosis was isolated from restriction endonuclease digests.

Q: How Hfr strains allow genetic mapping of the E. coli chromosome ?

A: Bacteria are prokaryotic organism which contains a circular double-stranded chromosomal DNA and…

Q: If a vector containing the desired gene X is inserted into a microorganism, for instance,…

A: The purpose of this experiment is to insert a vector containing the gene X into the microorganism…

Q: In the plaque assay, what is the precise origin of a single plaque?

A: Answer: Introduction: Virus is an intracellular infectious parasite consist of only one type of…

Q: how many methods for detecting point mutations?

A: A single base pair is changed in a point mutation. Point mutations can also have three different…

Q: How can these designed nucleases modify the sequence of genomic DNA?

A: A nuclease is a protein that can break the phosphodiester links between nucleotides in nucleic…

Q: In the plaque assay, exactly what makes up a single plaque?

A: Viruses are non-cellular pathogenic particles. Viruses cannot survive on their own as they lack cell…

Q: Identify mutant genes by plasmid library transformation?

A: A plasmid is a small extrachromosomal circular DNA molecule found in bacteria. Transformation is the…

Q: Why was it important to reconstruct production strains with induced mutations with strains bearing…

A: A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA of a cell such that the sequence deviates from what is…

Q: How to identify the type of genomic DNA isolation contamination and how to eliminate this…

A: It is chromosomal DNA, in contrast to extra chromosomal DNAs like plasmids. Most organisms have the…

Q: Has all of the DNA been replicated during Sphase?

A: DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a biomolecule consisting of nucleic acids as monomer units. Nucleic…

Q: is “Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation” in plants described as natural genetic engineer…

A: Agrobacterium is a gram-negative bacteria that uses horizontal gene transfer to cause tumors in…

Q: What is the Ames test and how is it carried out? What assumption concerning mutagenicity and…

A: Mutagens are chemical compounds that cause changes in the DNA. These changes are irreversible and…

Q: How do these designed nucleases modify the genomic DNA sequence?

A: Designer nucleases functions by targeting a specific DNA sequence with in a genome.

Q: Why is it practical to test carcinogens by a mutagenesis assay?

A: Carcinogens are the cancer causing substances. Cancer is an uncontrolled division of cell that has a…

Q: What is the rationale for the salting out technique for DNA extraction?

A: DNA is the genetic material that stores all the genetic information. Extraction of DNA is applied…

Genetic Recombination

Recombination is crucial to this process because it allows genes to be reassorted into diverse combinations. Genetic recombination is the process of combining genetic components from two different origins into a single unit. In prokaryotes, genetic recombination takes place by the unilateral transfer of deoxyribonucleic acid. It includes transduction, transformation, and conjugation. The genetic exchange occurring between homologous deoxyribonucleic acid sequences (DNA) from two different sources is termed general recombination. For this to happen, an identical sequence of the two recombining molecules is required. The process of genetic exchange which occurs in eukaryotes during sexual reproduction such as meiosis is an example of this type of genetic recombination.

Microbial Genetics

Genes are the functional units of heredity. They transfer characteristic information from parents to the offspring.