During 2001-2004, the Fed injected additional reserves into the banking system, which reduced the federal funds rate and other short-term interest rates. Other things constant, what is the most likely short-run impact of this policy? an increase in the rate of unemployment a reduction in the growth of employment an increase in aggregate demand and real GDP Oa reduction in the long-run rate of inflation
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- Provide one argument in favor of and one against theidea that the Fed was responsible for the housing pricebubble of the mid-2000s7. The Federal Reserve has raised the Federal Funds rate by 3.75 percent within the past year. Ifa bank had capital of 10 percent when the Fed began raising rates and has no loans at risk ofdefault, under what circumstances will its capital position be compromised? Please be specific.8. How do rising interest rates affect the size of real estate loans that lenders will advance?Again, be specific.9. Mortgage rates have risen by about 4 percent over the past year. Does that mean that theacceptable minimum appreciation rate for looking at owner housing relative to renting hasrisen by 4 percent? Why or why not? (Hint: think about our analysis of the buy-rent decision).10. You are evaluating a CMBS. Beyond the standard metrics (i.e., LTV, DCI, etc.), name twothings to consider in evaluating the security.Since the Fed has begun paying interest on bank reserves at the Fed, do barks still want to avoid holding excess reserves? Context: If lending was more profitable than the currently very low interest rate (formerly zero) that could be received from the Fed on excess reserves, we would still normally expect barks to lend out excess reserves rather than maintain them as excess reserves Judging from the fact that there has been a huge increase in holdings of excess reserves in the barking system, however, there may well be other constraints (such as Basel III) that may be limiting bank's willingness to lend out excess reserves.
- The Federal Reserve has raised the Federal Funds rate by 3.75 percent within the past year. Ifa bank had capital of 10 percent when the Fed began raising rates and has no loans at risk ofdefault, under what circumstances will its capital position be compromised? Please be specific.Assume that Annovo Financial and Bennovo Financial were banks with the same financial condition, except that Annovo Financial had bought fewer CDSs that provided insurance against defaults on mortgages. (Note: Assuming that the companies are almost identical isolates the impact of the one difference.) If many homeowners began to default on their mortgages, Annovo Financial's financial condition would become better/worse than Bennovo Financial's condition. If most financial institutions were like Annovo Financial, financial institutions could be less/more confident in lending to each other, and a tight credit market would be less/more likely.1. Write the IS relation as Y = C(Y - T) + I(Y, r + x) + G. Suppose rn is 2%. If x increases from 3 to 5%, how must the central bank change rn to maintain the existing medium-run equilibrium. Explain in word 2. Suppose G increases permanently. In what direction must the central bank change r to maintain the existing medium-run equilibrium? Explain in words. 3. Suppose T decreases permanently. In what direction must the central bank change r to maintain the existing medium-run equilibrium? Explain in words. 4. Discuss: In the medium run, a fiscal expansion leads to an increase in the natural rate of interest.
- Over the last 10 years the Federal Reserve has substantially changed the way itoperates. What is different about how the Federal Reserve now conducts policy? a) It is more secretive about interest rate and other policy changes b) it gives the public forward guidance on what it will do c) it places fewer regulations on commercial banks d) it discuesses its policy in public and asks for guidance from CongressBelow is the Demand and Supply Curves for $250,000 bonds that mature in 18 years: Qd=400,000 - 2(P) Qs=3(P) - 100,000 1. The current market price of these bonds? 2. The current equilibrium interest rate in that bond market? 3. If the Federal Reserve wished to move the interest rate to 5%, would they need to buy or sell bonds? 4. In order to achieve the Fed's goal in #3, the bond price would need to change to what?Question 1) Explain what will happen to M1 and M2 measures of money supply if an individual moves money from demand deposit account to a small-denomination time deposit. Question 2) Issuing marketable securities is the primary way businesses finance their operations. Trueor false? Explain your answer. If a four-year bond with a $2000 face value has a coupon rate of 2.5%, and the currentmarket interest rate is 4%, what is the market price of the bond? If this bond sold for $1900, is theyield to maturity greater or less than 4%? Why?
- 13. If differences occur for FX rates between three or more currencies, FX dealers may perform: A. locational arbitrage B. triangular arbitrage C. cross arbitrage D. speculative arbitrage2. The Fed is the most independent of all U.S. government agencies. What is the maindifference between it and other government agencies that explains the Fed’s greaterindependence?16. Which of the following is true? a. The Great Depression was caused in part by “the liquidity trap.” b. The Great Depression illustrated why the “Paradox of Thrift” is important for understanding the macroeconomy. c. The Great Depression proved that savings do not equal investment because of pessimistic animal spirits. d. The price system in the capital market (the real interest rate) was sabotaged by a structurally unsound central banking system. e. The Great Depression was caused in part by runaway greed among the business owners of the time.