During hyp[erglycemia or diabetes - what two regulatory enzymes are active? Why are they active?
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During hyp[erglycemia or diabetes - what two regulatory enzymes are active? Why are they active?
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- Why does it make metabolic sense for the same hormone signal to stimulate glycogenolysis and inhibit glycolysis in the liver while stimulating both glycogenolysis and glycolysis in muscles?Glucose binds to glycogen phosphorylase and competitively inhibits the enzyme. What is the physiological advantage of this?Explain why insulin is required for adipocytes to synthesize triacylglycerols from fatty acids.
- BIOCHEMISTRY. Could glycerol be used to regenerate the OAA for maintenance of TCA cycle activity? Yes or No? Explain.Would a metabolic rational for a child who has a similar diet to other children but after infections or vigorous exercise has low blood glucose levels and increased lactic acid in the blood along with potential lethargy, shakiness and irritability be type 1 diabetes? Noting that an effective treatment for them is alanine supplementation in the diet.What accounts for the fact that liver phosphorylase is a glucose sensor, whereas muscle phosphorylase is not?
- Explain why adipocytes need glucose as well as fatty acids in order to synthesize triacylglycerols.Name three metabolic processes in the cell that are enhanced and two that are inhibited in response to the hormone insulin.Pancreatic β cells express a receptor for fatty acids. Fatty acid binding to the protein appears to stimulate insulin secretion. Does this phenomenon make metabolic sense?
- Under FASTING state, how do the hormonal changes bring about the effect to maintain glucose homeostasis in the body through the pathways of GLYCOLYSIS and GLUCONEOGENESIS; GLYCOGENOLYSIS and GLYCOGENESIS? (Please describe the signaling pathways in detail. )If protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is inhibited does Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 become more active?Ingesting large amounts of glucose before a marathon might seem to be a good way of increasing the fuel stores. However, experienced runners do not ingest glucose before a race. What is the biochemical reason for their avoidance of this potential fuel? (Hint: Consider the effect of glucose ingestion on the level of insulin.)