During this COVID 19 pandemic, in addition to vaccine production, how could biotechnology provide solutions to the associated problems brought by the continued persistence of the virus.

Q: Why should Ghana produce their own vaccine?

A: Ghana is an African country. Its natural resources include Gold mining makes it developing country…

Q: What do you think about Covid 19 Pandemic? Is it a kind of depopulation program? Explain.

A: Introduction Coronaviruses (CoV) are a broad group of viruses that can cause anything from a typical…

Q: what is the genetic material of COVID-19 (the virus currently in pandemic)?…

A: COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2…

Q: You compared epidemiological data from two different outbreaks. You found that the outbreak caused…

A: Viruses are very small particles that cannot be seen by the naked eyes but they have a very high…

Q: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the use of the following viruses as vectors…

A: Virus is a microscopic agent which replicates inside the cells of organism.Study of viruses is…

Q: This figure shows the frequency of the different variants of the novel coronavirus over time colored…

A: According to the question, a figure shows the frequency of the different variants of novel…

Q: Compare and contrast the life cycles of influenza virus and HIV virus.

A: Introduction:- Virus is a small, simple infectious agent that can only reproduce in live cells of…

Q: Not all Americans are willing to get the covid-19 vaccine, and not all countries have enough…

A: Vaccination : A biological preparation that can be used to activate the immune response in the body…

Q: Why do viruses more often evolve to greater transmission at the cost of virulence? From an…

A: consider an extraordinary environmental test looked by numerous microbes: suitable natural…

Q: What is the signifi cance of a virus that can directly infect humans from chickens? Why do you think…

A: H5N1 or bird flu is a subtype of influenza A virus. It is highly infectious virus. It spreads…

Q: Describe the relationship between increased transmission of coronavirus and increased production of…

A: Viruses are continually changing due to mutation, and new virus types are predicted to emerge over…

Q: how does a vaccine passport prevents the spread of covid 19 by domestic travelers?

A: INTRODUCTION Vaccine passport This is a new method introduced by countries to support international…

Q: Will it be possible to eradicate many viral diseases in the same way as smallpox? Why or why not?

A: To explain: Whether it is possible to eradicate many viral diseases in the same way as smallpox

Q: What is an emerging virus? Give two examples. Propose an experiment to explain how an emerging virus…

A: Viruses are the sub-microscopic pathogens that behave as a pathogen only when it is inside some host…

Q: Is the coronavirus (covid) likely to establish latency in those who have tested positive or have had…

A: A chronic virus can go into latency. This is when a virus is present within a cell, but not actively…

Q: From an epidemiological perspective, why are most arthropod-borne viral diseases hard to control?

A: Arthropods are able to serve as vectors, suggesting that they play a significant role in the…

Q: How does the influenza virus spread from animals to humans? How might we reduce the risk?

A: Introduction Influenza is commonly called the flu, It is a viral infection that attacks your…

Q: COVID vaccine myths

A: There are some living organisms that cannot be observed by the naked eye and only can be seen under…

Q: Contrast the genomes of HIV and hepatitis B virus

A: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in humans. HIV…

Q: When scientists first discovered SARS-COV2, they were able to generate a sequence of the viral…

A: DNA sequencing  DNA sequencing it a method to determine the exact position of DNA bases…

Q: sma agent iplies solely side an organism this by infiltrating the host cell with its genetic…

A: A virus is an infectious entity that replicates sub microscopically inside a live cell. Various…

Q: Why is it important to prepare healthy food during this COVID 19 pandemic? Do you continue eating…

A: Introduction Immune system:- The immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, organs, and…

Q: In retroviruses, transcription of the provirus: A) converts viral RNA into viral DNA B) does not…

A: Retroviruses possess RNA as genetic material. When it enters host cells, it's RNA gets converted…

Q: Discuss the pros and cons of salvaging or destroying the smallpoxvirus stocks.

A: Viruses are microscopic agents that can replicate only inside the host cells. They can infect all…

Q: Host specificity of a virus is due to 1) similarities in size between the virus and the host cell.…

A: Viruses are intracellular parasites that are obligate. A virus must bind to a "living cell" that can…

Q: Transmission studies suggest that there are at least three (3) different variants of the SARS-CoV-2…

A: SARS-CoV2 is a virus consisting of four main structural proteins called spike, membrane, envelop,…

Q: A patient presents at the clinic with an acute viral infection. Assays that analyze the viral life…

A: A virus infection can be a proliferation of a harmful virus inside the body. Viruses cannot…

Q: what could be the root causes why the COVID-19 Virus continue to spread? Name 5 main causes..

A: Viruses are infectious microparticles that cannot replicate independently. They infect the…

Q: discuss the similarities and differences between animal and bacterial virus multiplication.

A: Viruses are infectious agents that can replicate and survive inside the living cells of an organism.…

Q: Why are viral diagnoses difficult? Because they are very small and hard to see Because they rarely…

A: Virus  An Infective agent that typically consists of a nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat, is…

Q: Explain what we mean by saying Covid 19 vaccine is a self precaution measure from Covid 19 infection

A: A vaccine is defined as a biological preparation which can provide an active acquired immunity to a…

Q: What are three reasons that retroviruses are studied so much these days?

A: Retroviruses are enveloped, icosahedral viruses that possess a RNA of about 7-10 kb. They are…

Q: hat are the risks of getting pregnant during this COVID 19 pandemic? As a stem student, how can you…

A: Pregnancy is a special time where people anticipate so much for the new born . But in an extreme…

Q: Briefly describe how herpes simplex viruses (HSVS) establish life-long chronic infections, sometimes…

A: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a double-stranded enveloped DNA virus that possesses about 52 kbp that…

Q: How could sequencing many SARS-CoV-2 genomes be used to track how the virus has changed over time…

A: Mutation It refers to the alteration of the sequence of the DNA or RNA in organisms. These mutations…

Q: Following the infection of healthy tobacco leaves by reconstitutedviruses, what two characteristics…

A: Fraenkel-Conrat and Singer conducted an experiment in which they focused on 2 strains of tobacco…

Q: Viral infections can be either lysogenic and lytic, explain the differences between the two viral…

A: Introduction :  Viruses are submicroscopic organisms and they cause infections in a wide range of…

Q: Explain why the COVID-19 virus has been described as being sporadic, then epidemic and now pandemic.…

A: Introduction: Infectious diseases are constantly prevalent in society and are transmitted by either…

Q: Match each of the following viral families with the appropriate viral genera:

A: Virus are connecting link between living and non living.  Herpes simplex virus causes genital herpes…

Q: SV40 vectors are derived from Which of the following term is appropriate for the blank? Lütfen…

A: The SV40 vector is a replacement vector. It can be used as an early or late replacement vector by…

Q: Homopetran are most common vectors of plant viruses

A: Homopteran is the species sucking insects, these are plant feeders and having mouth part adapted for…

Q: Discuss the relative dangers of rubella and rubeola viruses in different populations.

A: Viruses are very small obligate parasites that can not be seen with a light microscope. Viruses were…

Q: Covid-19 pandemic has been the subject of incredible conspiracy theories. Based on your knowledge of…

A: Coronaviruses are a broad group of viruses that infect the human respiratory system and can be mild…

Q: Identify and explain in what ways does west nile virus impact human health

A: Introduction :- The West Nile Virus belongs to the Flaviviridae family of viruses, which also…

Q: Explain how a retrovirus, which has an RNA genome, is able to integrate its genetic material into…

A: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is present as the genetic material in retroviruses. Genetic material of…

Q: write summary on a virus and its tropism for specific hosts, tissues, or cells. For example, you may…

A: Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus conveyed by mosquitos which belongs to the Flaviviridae family of…

Q: Why is it easier to target a single mutant versus multiple mutants in the virus?

A: Viruses are ceaselessly changing because of hereditary determination. They go through hereditary…

Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.