e. Suppose that the Argentine government places a tax on the exports of beef to keep domestic food prices low. Specifically, for every one unit of beef sold internationally, the government takes 1/4 of a unit of beef. What is the effective (i.e. taxes included) world relative price those in Argentina face? How will real wages (in units of manufactures) change in response to the tax? How do you think vegetarians (who do not care about the price of beef) in Argentina feel about this policy?
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Please do only the last one (and please not that beef profuction = 8 as it says in the problem)
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- 1. Using ideas behind the specific model, intuitively explain how gains from trade for the overall economy do not necessarily translate into gains for every group within the economy. In the model, what are definite winners and losers. For whom are the gains unclear? 2. Briefly explain why the specific factors model is often considered a ‘short-run’ model. Give an example of a situation where it may also be valid for the ‘long-run’. 3. Briefly and intuitively explain the mechanisms and main results of the Heckscher-Ohlin Model. 4. In the context of the Heckscher-Ohlin Model, briefly explain Leontief’s Paradox and give examples of how the model can be reconciled with his finding. 5. Why is the bilateral trade balance not necessarily a good measure of the trade relationship between two countries? 6. Consider the (‘long run’) effects of inward labor migration in the Heckscher- Ohlin Model. Assume that the country trades and the relative price of two goods X and Y stays constant. Assume X…iv) Describe trade in the Ricardian model. It will be helpful to consider a situation before trade (autarky) and after trade.A. Explain the concept of Ricardian Equivalence. Do you believe it holds in practice? Why or why not? Explain. B. Under what circumstances might an increase in worldwide interest rates r* be beneficial for a small open economy (SOE)? Explain. C. What argument, based on macroeconomic theory, might a government use to justify shutting down a newspaper critical of its policies? If you were asked to provide a counterargument, what would it be? Explain.
- Many economic analysts believe that currently Indonesian economy is considerably below its potential output. Meanwhile, recent tensions in the Middle East potentially will potentially push the oil price upward significantly coupled with a significant fall in the world income. If Indonesia is an oil importer: a. What will happen to Indonesian national output? Demonstrate your prediction graphically using relevant models. b. What policy might you suggest to the government? c. Demonstrate the expected total effect of your advice using relevant models!6) Suppose, India was in general equilibrium before COVID-19. Due to the lockdown, production decreased massively. Assuming that other things remained unchanged, how can you show the effect in the general equilibrium? Also suggest some policy to tackle the new situation using IS-LM-FE model.7. Calculate the compound annual growth rates of goods exports and GDP of developed, developing countries, Canada and BRIC for the decade 2006-2016 (just use end years data to calculate the growth. Present your result either in a table or graphs. What do these growth rates tell about globalization vs. national economic growth rates for these groups? 8. How have US shares of Canada's exports, and imports of goods and services, and inward and outward FDI stock changed in the last two decades? Show with two graphs, one for trade and the other for FDI) Most of these data can be downloaded from World Bank, UNCTAD and CANSIM databases.
- a. What do you understand by Real GDP? What is the Real GDP Growth Rate of India andChina in 2019? What is the estimated real GDP growth rate of India and China in 2020?What is the projected real GDP growth rate of India and China in 2021 and 2022? b. What is the estimated 2022 GDP Loss (in percentage) in comparison to pre-covid levels(January 2020 forecast) in China and Other Emerging Economies in Asia other thanChinaLinear stages theory, Structural-change model (Lewis two-sector model), International dependence/dominance model, Neoclassical model How do the contemporary models differ from the previous models? Coordination failures ComplementarityWhy do these models emphasize multiple equilibria and what does it mean?What problems may prevent economy from moving from a bad equilibrium to a stable one?Need to understand that graphWhat are the big push and O-ring theories (important to have a broad or general understanding ofthe two theories?)An increase in the initial stock of knowledge: Suppose we have two economies—let’s call them Earth and Mars—that are identical, except that one begins with astock of ideas that is twice as large as the other: A Earth 0 = 2 × A Mars0 Te two economies are so far apart that they don’t share ideas, and each evolves as a sepa-rate Romer economy. On a single graph (with a ratio scale), plot the behavior of per capita GDP on Earth and Mars over time. What is the efect of starting outwith more knowledge?
- ONLY answer! NO explanation! 1. Which of the following statement is true?a) Investment tax incentive increases investment, which increases productivity growth and living standards in the long run.b) Budget deficit reduces investment, which reduces productivity growth and living standards.c) Both investment tax incentive and budget deficit causes net exports to falld) all of the above 2. Which of the following caused a trade deficit in the USA during 1990s?a) Although national saving increased in the 1990s, investment increased even at a faster rate.b) Slowdown in national savings but a rapid increase in investment.c) Huge government deficit.d) An increase in government spending. 3. Let the govt. removed previous tax incentive for investment. What kind of effect will this have on the real interest rate?a) The real interest rate will remain unaffected.b) The real interest rate will increase.c) The real interest rate will decrease.d) No effect. 4. Following the previous question, what…(a) Consider an economy that is initially in a steady state equilibrium. Assume that in this equilibrium it has a saving rate of 50 per cent and a depreciation rate of 2 per cent. Further assume that the population growth rate is 3% and that the level of output produced can be represented by the following production function: = where A = 1 and = 0.5. Use the Solow-Swan model to determine the level of capital per worker and output per worker in this economy. (1 mark) (b) Now suppose the government introduces a set of policies to improve the institutional set up as well as better production technique which increases total factor productivity by double. What is the new steady state level of capital per worker and output per worker? (1 mark) (c) Use a Solow-Swan diagram to show the qualitative effects of this new government policy upon steady state output per worker and capital per worker. Briefly describe the intuition behind this result. (1 mark) (d) Now suppose, population growth rate…ADVANCED ANALYSIS Assume that the consumption schedule for a private open economy is such that consumption is: C = 100 + 0.75Y Assume further that planned investment Ig and net exports Xn are independent of the level of real GDP and constant at Ig = 60 and Xn = 10. Recall also that, in equilibrium, the real output produced (Y) is equal to aggregate expenditures: Y = C + Ig + Xn Instructions: Round your answers to the nearest whole number.a. What is the equilibrium level of income or real GDP for this economy? Equilibrium GDP (Y) = $ . b. What happens to equilibrium Y if Ig changes to 40? Equilibrium GDP (Y) = $ . What does this outcome reveal about the size of the spending multiplier? Spending multiplier = .