Q1. State the definition of the Golden Rule kGR Q2. The goods market clearing condition is given by G; + K+1 - (1– 8)K; = Y; (1) where C; = L¿cit + Lt-1C2t-1- Explain in words what equation (1) means. Q3. From (1), derive Ct + kt+1(1 +n) – (1 – 8)k = Yt. (2) (The small letter stands for per capita terms.) Q4. From (2), derive the steady-state level of per-capita consumption c as a function of k. (Hint: the steady-state level of per-capita income is given by y = Ak".) Q5. Derive the two values of k that sets the steady-state level of per-capita consumption c to zero. Q6. Verify that for k > 0, d2c <0. dk2 (Hint: We assume that a E (0,1)). Q7. Derive the Golden Rule k GR 08. Draw the steady-state level of per-capita consumption c in (k, c)-space (i.e., k is put on the X-axis, while c is put on the y-axis).
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- 6. Assume that a country is endowed with 2 units of oil reserve. There is no oil substitute available. How long the oil reserve will last if (a) the marginal willingness to pay for oil in each period is given by P = 11 - 0.71q, (b) the marginal cost of extraction of oil is constant at $4 per unit, and (c) discount rate is 2%?Suppose the cotton (a storable commodity) futures prices are currently Expiry Month Price c/lb December 2021 83 December 2022 96 (a) Is the cotton market in contango or in backwardation? (b) What is the slope of the futures curve for cotton? Draw a future curve graph to support your answer. (c) Are there positive returns to storage between Dec 21 and Dec 22? Draw a graph of supply and demand for storage to support your answer (where t=Dec 21 and t+1=Dec 22).The entire economy consists of two industries, Industry 1 and Industry 2. Their production functions are as follows: Y1 = A1K1^1/3L1^2/3 and Y2 = A2K2^1/3L2^2/3 Assume that the price, P1, and P2, A2, K1, and K2 are fixed. [a] Show mathematically the real wages of the two industries. [b] Suppose that the two industries initially offer the same nominal wage rate, i.e., w1 = w2. Now if the technological progress of Industry 1 rises, (i.e., A1 rises), how does that affect w1? [c] If there are no unemployed people and the two industries compete with each other in terms of labor demand, Industry 2 has to offer the same wage rate that Industry 1 offers. How does that affect the quantity of labor Industry 2 hires and, in turn, the size of its output? [Hint: assume that A2 and K2 are fixed.]
- Derive the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions for this Bid-price policy program (also shown in the image for clarity),min J˜µT(x)s.t. µ ≥ 0with variable µ ∈ ℝ^m. In particular, show that an optimal solution µ* to this program must satisfy the constraints in the image below:1. Suppose that a profit-maximizing firm, operating in a perfectly competitive market, uses the following production function:F(L,K) = L^1/2 + 2(K^1/2) where L are the units of labor and K the units of capital. Suppose further that in order to operate, the firm must pay the government a fixed value patent of $ 50, no matter how much it decides to produce. Finally, consider that the factor price is given by w = 1 and r = 4, respectively.(a) Calculate the TMST, placing L on the x-axis. What value does the TMST take when L = 0, and what value does it take when K = 0? Explain if you can orthere are no corner solutions to the cost minimization problem.(b) Find the conditional demands L (q) and K (q), and the cost function C (q) in the long run.2. A company has a production function equal to f (L, K) = 2L + βK. Suppose that the firm currently achieves a level of production equal to q0, using for this a certain amount of capital and labor.(a) If the firm wanted to decrease the amount of…Assume that a country is endowed with 4 units of oil reserve. There is no oil substitute available. How long the oil reserve will last if (a) the marginal willingness to pay for oil in each period is given by P = 9 - 0.69q, (b) the marginal cost of extraction of oil is constant at $4 per unit, and (c) discount rate is 1%? Using these numbers, please have one final answer at the end answering how long the oil reserve will last. Thank you.
- Suppose in a particular labor market, the demand for labor is given by the equation LD = 180 – 3W and that the labor supply in this market for native-born citizens is given by LN = 3W, while the supply curve of immigrants in this market is given by LI = 2W, where L represents the number of workers, W is the wage expressed in real terms. Finally, suppose the production function can be represented by ?=100√L a. Assuming immigration is entirely prohibited, what are the equilibrium wage and employment level in this market? b. What would be the equilibrium wage and employment level in this market if immigration were completed legalized? c. How many jobs do natives lose as a result of this immigration? How much aggregate income is lost? d. Assuming the costs of capital in this market are zero, find the total profits to firms before and after immigration. What is the change in total profits? e. Compute the total output of this market before and after immigration. How much total output does…Consider the market for copper, where demand is given by the equation P(QD) = 500 - 1/2Q and market supply is given by P(Qs) = 50 + Q. The discount rate is r=10% and there is a fixed supply of 400 total units of copper. a. If there is just one period in this model, what would be the equilibrium market price and quantity sold? Show your work. Is the resource exhausted? b. Suppose instead that there are two periods, and that demand and supply are the same in both periods. Derive an expression for the marginal net benefit (MNB) of the resource in each period. c. Find the optimal allocation of copper between the two periods, and using the demand curves, find the price that would prevail in each period. d. How do your answers in part (c) change if the discount rate increases to 25%?Question 2 Consider an overlapping generations model with the following characteristics: individuals are endowed with y units of the consumption good when young and nothing when old. The fiat money supply changes according to Mt =zMt-1 and the population grows at rate n for every period t, according to Nt =nNt-1 where z and n are greater than i. The money created in each period is used to finance a lump-sum subsidy of at+1 goods to each old person in period t+1. Prove that the monetary equilibrium (c1*,c2*) does not maximise the utility of future generations. ii. Under what condition of monetary expansion would this economy achieve the optimal allocation of resources? Explain your answer.
- Question 2 Consider an overlapping generations model with the following characteristics: individuals are endowed with y units of the consumption good when young and nothing when old. The fiat money supply changes according to Mt =zMt-1 and the population grows at rate n for every period t, according to Nt =nNt-1 where z and n are greater than i. The money created in each period is used to finance a lump-sum subsidy of at+1 goods to each old person in period t+1. Prove that the monetary equilibrium (?∗, ?∗) does not maximise the utility of future generations. ii. Under what condition of monetary expansion would this economy achieve the optimal allocation of resources? Explain your answer.Consider an economy consisting of traditional cottage industry with perfect competition andincreasing returns to scale manufacturing industry where urban dweller's demand may be moreconcentrated in manufactured goods in which a minimum of workers has to be employed givingrise to a different production functions for both industries. Wage rate may significantly varybetween cottage and manufacturing industry along with identical market price.How does industrialization create market failure so that public policy should initiate toswell the process of economic uplift? Even if there is homogeneity of wage rate betweentraditional cottage and manufacturing industries, Is there any way multiple equilibria may existwhen many product sectors invest at a time. Why or why not?Q. 4 In an economy with flexible prices, competitive factor markets and fixed supplies of the factors of production, graphically illustrate the impact of a change in immigration policy in a country that permits a huge influx of foreign workers into the labor market, ceteris paribus. Be sure to label: i. the axes; ii. the curves; iii. the initial equilibrium values; iv. the direction the curves shift; and the terminal equilibrium values. Explain in words how the equilibrium values change.