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Your boss has asked you to evaluate the economics of replacing 1,000 60-Watt incandescent light bulbs (ILBs) with 1,000 compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) for a particular lighting application. During your investigation you discover that 13-Watt CFLs costing $2.00 each will provide the same illumination as standard 60-Watt ILBs costing $0.50 each. Interestingly, CFLs last, on average, eight times as long as incandescent bulbs. The average life of an ILB is one year over the anticipated usage of 1,000 hours each year. Each incandescent bulb costs $2.00 to install/replace. Installation of a single CFL costs $3.00, and it will also be used 1,000 hours per year. Electricity costs $0.12 per kiloWatt hour (kWh), and you decide to compare the two lighting options over an 8-year study period. If the MARR is 12% per year, compare the economics of the two alternatives and write a brief report of your findings for the boss.
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- You have been hired as a consultant to advise the Northern Virginia Regional Transportation Authority on the best course of action with regard to an extension of the Metro. The expected total cost of extending the Metro from West Falls Church to Dulles Airport is $5 billion; the expected total cost of extending the Metro from West Falls Church past Dulles to Leesburg is $12 billion; the expected total cost of extending the Metro from West Falls Church past Dulles, past Leesburg to Winchester in the Shenandoah Valley is $22 billion. The expected total benefit of extending the Metro from West Falls Church to Dulles Airport is $50 billion; the expected total benefit of extending the Metro from West Falls Church past Dulles to Leesburg is $62 billion; the expected total benefit of extending the Metro from West Falls Church past Dulles, past Leesburg to Winchester in the Shenandoah Valley is $65 billion. What is your advice regarding the proposed extension? a) Do not…Lutfi was accepted at three different graduate schools, and must choose one. Elite U costs $50,000 per year and did not offer Lutfi any financial aid. Lutfi values attending Elite U at $60,000 per year. Public College costs $30,000 per year, and offered Lutfi an annual $10,000 scholarship. Lutfi values attending Public College at $40,000 per year. NoName U costs $20,000 per year, and offered Lutfi a full $20,000 annual scholarship. Lutfi values attending NoName at $15,000 per year. 24. Based on the information above, the opportunity cost of attending Elite U is?An oil company is considering changing the size of a small pump that currently is in operation in an oil field. If the current pump is kept, it will extract 50% of the known crude oil reserve in the first year of operation and the remaining 50% in the second year. A pump larger than the current pump will cost $1.6 million, but it will extract 100% of the known reserve in the first year. The total oil revenues over the two years are the same for both pumps: $20 million. The advantage of the large pump is that it allows 50% of the revenue to be realized a year earlier than the small pump. The two options are summarized as follows: Item current pump Larger Pump Investment, year 0 $0 $1.6 millionRevenue, year 1 $10 million $20 millionRevenue, year 2 $10 million $0If the firm's MARR is known to be 20%, what do you recommend, according to the IRR criterion?
- Logan and Berkeley have a thriving dog grooming business which operates 5 hours a day for 4 days a week. They currently have one dog groomer and are considering hiring a second groomer. They believe that after a 12 week period, the second groomer should be able to groom 3 dogs per hour, but only groom 1 dog per hour in the first 12 weeks while they learn the ropes. By adding a second groomer, Logan and Berkeley would need to install an additional sink, costing $20,000, and also incur an additional $27 per hour in labour costs. Apart from labour, their current costs are $15 per dog groom (covering items such as dog shampoo) and $30,000 in fixed costs per year (eg. rent). They currently charge $50 per dog groom. How many weeks would it take for the second groomer to pay off and make a profit? Choices are: A) 11.6 B) 23.6 C) 36.7 D) 49.7 Could you go over exactly what to add to the costs?Your company is contemplating bidding on an RFP (Request For Proposal) to produce 100,000 units of a specialized part. Suppose, however, that the requesting company really needs only 90,000 units of the part. Also assume that, because the part is specialized, potential suppliers do not yet possess the machines and factories needed to produce it and that overhead expenses involved in production have yet to be incurred. Suppose the average costs of all potential suppliers are as follows: Units Average Total Cost (Dollars Per Unit) 90,000 4 100,000 3 True or False: The requesting company can solicit lower bids by requesting 100,000 units as opposed to 90,000.You have been hired as an economic consultant to assess the feasibility of building a new hockey arena in the city of Saskatoon. The demand curve for attendance at the new arena per game is given by P = 100 – 0.005Q and average attendance per game (35 home games) is optimistically forecast to be 12,000; the demand curve for other entertainment goods which are thought to be substitutes for basketball games is given by P = 1500 – 0.01Q and an estimated total of 100,000 tickets per year are sold for these events. Per capita income in Saskatoon is currently estimated to be $40,000 per year, which is forecast to rise to $40,100 after stadium construction is completed (local population = 600,000). The income multiplier is thought to be 1.2. Construction costs for the new arena are budgeted to total $175 million with annual arena maintenance costs of $5 million. The city will pay for the annual maintenance costs for the first three years of arena operations. The market rate of interest is 2%.…
- A local restaurateur who had been running a profitable business for many years, recently purchased a three-way liquor license. This on-premise license gives the owner the legal right to sell beer, wine, and spirits in her restaurant. The cost of obtaining the three-way license was about $90,000, since only 300 such licenses are issued by the state. While the license is transferable, only $75,000 is refundable if the owner chooses not to use the license. After selling alcoholic beverages for about one year, the restaurateur came to the realization that she was losing dining customers and that her profitable restaurant was turning into a noisy, unprofitable bar. Subsequently, she spent about $8,000 placing advertisements in various newspapers and restaurant magazines across the state offering to sell the license for $80,000. After a long wait, she finally received one offer to purchase her license for $77,000. a) Would you recommend that she accept the $77,000 offer? b) The restaurateur…Worldwide annual sales of a device in 2012–2013 were approximately q = −6p + 3,040 million units at a selling price of $p per unit. Assume a manufacturing cost of $40 per unit. [HINT: Recall that Profit = Revenue − Cost.] Find the function P for annual profit, in millions of dollars and in terms of p only, subject to any constraints. P(p) = ____ Find P′(p). P′(p) = ____ What selling price (in dollars) would have resulted in the largest annual profit? (Round your answer to two decimal places.) p = $____ What would have been the resulting annual profit (in millions of dollars)? (Round your answer to the nearest whole number.) $ ____ millionA local U.S. Postal Service office is considering purchasing a 4,000 lb forklift truck, which will be used primarily for processing incoming as well as outgoing postal packages. Forklift trucks traditionally have been fueled by either gasoline, liquid propane gas (LPG), or diesel fuel. Battery-powered electric forklifts, however, arc increasingly popular in many industrial sectors because of their economic and environmental benefits. Therefore, the Postal Service is interested in comparing the four different types of forklifts. Purchase costs as well as annual operating and maintenance costs for each type of forklift are provided by a local utility company. Annual fuel and maintenance costs are measured in terms of number of shifts per year, where one shift is equivalent to eight hours of operation. A comparison of the variables of the four forklift types is given in the following table: The Postal Service is unsure of the number of shifts per year, but it expects them to be somewhere…
- It is well established that indoor air quality (IAQ) has a significant effect on general health and productivity of employees at a workplace. A study showed that enhancing IAQ by increasing the building ventilation from 5 cfm (cubic feet per minute) to 20 cfm increased the productivity by 0.25 percent, valued at $90 per person per year, and decreased the respiratory illnesses by 10 percent for an average annual savings of $39 per person while increasing the annual energy consumption by $6 and the equipment cost by about $4 per person per year (ASHRAE Journal, December 1998). For a workplace with 120 employees, determine the net monetary benefit of installing an enhanced IAQ system to the employer per year.Ken’s firm is committed to reducing greenhouse gas by 10 tons per year. The firm’s cost of abating a ton of carbon is shown below: Quantity of Carbon Abated in tons Marginal Cost of Carbon Abatement 1 $3 2 $4 3 $5 4 $6 5 $7 6 $8 7 $9 8 $10 9 $11 10 $12 Ken also has the option to instead pay for a reforestation project that offsets a ton of carbon. Each reforestation project cost $7. What is the best combination of production abatement and reforestation abatement for Ken? How much money does Ken save byusing the reforestation abatement?(i want answer in step by step) Light emitting diodes (LED) light bulbs have become required in recent years, but do they make financial sense? Suppose a typical 60 - watt incandescent light bulb costs S .41 and lasts 1, 000 hours. A 15 - watt LED, which provides the same light, costs $3.20 and lasts for 12, 000 hours. A kilowatt - hour of electricity costs $.117. A kilowatt-hour is 1,000 watts for 1 hour. If you require a return of 9 percent and use a light fixture 500 hours per year, what is the equivalent annual cost of each light bulb? (A negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to 2 decimal places, e. g., 32.16.)