Encircle a monophyletic, paraphyletic, and polyphyletic group found in the phylogenetic tree below (Brusatte et al., 2010). Provide a legend for each marked group. Crocodylomorphs 'Rauisuchians' Crurotarsi Aetosaurs Phytosaurs Pterosaurs 'Dinosauromorphs' Avemetatarsalia 27 Dinosauria Saurischians Ornithischians

Encircle a monophyletic, paraphyletic, and polyphyletic group found in the phylogenetic tree below (Brusatte et al., 2010). Provide a legend for each marked group. Crocodylomorphs 'Rauisuchians' Crurotarsi Aetosaurs Phytosaurs Pterosaurs 'Dinosauromorphs' Avemetatarsalia 27 Dinosauria Saurischians Ornithischians

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter23: Paleobiology And Macroevolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10TYK

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Match each group with its description. _____ hominins a. first to be found outside Africa _____ tarsiers b. modem humans _____ Homo erectus c. defined by bipedalism _____ Homo sapiens d. primates, but not anthropoids. _____ Homohabilis e. short-statured hobbits _____ Homo floresiensis f. name means handy man
The tree shows one lineage of ornithischian dinosaurs and many lineages of theropoddinosaurs. Some important traits are mapped on the tree including the aspects of feathers, digits of thehands and a few behaviors. a. What phylogenetic function do the Ornithischian dinosaurs play in this tree?b. What trait is shared by all theropod dinosaurs?c. Only two lineages are thought to be capable of flight. What trait may have helped their wings to bestrong enough?d. What seems to happen to the bones of the hand across this tree of dinosaurs?e. What other bone characteristics might be important to ultimately enabling flight?
Rooneyia is an Eocene primate fossil. This ____ found in Texas is distinct from other North American Eocene Primates in that it has ____ a. omomyid; well-developed postorbital flanges b. eosimiid; poorly-developed postorbital flanges c. adapid; a long rostrum d. oligopithecid; very large eye orbits e. none of the above
98. Which of the following is/are a primitive characteristic associated with members of the phylogenetic order Primates? a) post-orbital bar b) binocular vision c) retention of clavicle d) nails instead of claws e) none of the above
1. Differenciate the difference between taxonomy and systematics and give a brief examplanation about their relations. 2. Give certain primitive characters with all members of kingdom Animalia (adapted from Krempel's and Lee, p.7-9). List four primitive characters all humans share with all other animal, but not with any other living things. 3. List as many derived characters as possible that make Homo Sapiens different from all other great apes. Restrict your list to truly BIOLOGICAL characters.
1. a) List 5 distinguishing factors of reptiles and their similar characteristics to birds. b) How can you establish the evolutionary relationship between reptiles and birds? c) Amniotes are divided into three groups based on their skull morphologies. What are these three groups, and how do their skulls differ? Which living amniotes have originated from each of these three groups? 2. Fill in the table below. Compare the different orders within each class.
Take a look at the skulls out on display Define and describe the differences between the groupso Australopithecuso Homo habiliso Homo erectuso Homo heidelbergensis How are the non-human primates similar? How do they fit into the tree? Which examples do wehave out?
6. Organisms classified as “birds” share a common feature. What shared derived character defined this taxonomic group? 7. What feature is present in all animals but is not present in birds and reptiles? 8. Reptiles, birds, and mammals are amniotes. I’m addition to an amniotic egg, the common ancestor of all reptiles, birds, and mammals had a thick epidermal layer of scales partially composed of a protein called keratin. Keratinized skin helps prevent water loss in terrestrial environment. A. what type (or form) of Keratinized epidermal structure represents the ancestral character state of all reptiles, birds, and mammals?
Examine the image of the relatedness of vertebrates represented in this phylogenetic tree. Which statements are correctly inferred from this tree? Select all that apply. A) The mammals are the outgroup in this tree. B) Birds and dinosaurs share a recent common ancestor. C) Mammals and birds are more closely related than any other species. D) Turtles are equally as diverged from lizards and snakes as they are from crocodiles. E) Lizards and snakes are more recently diverged from each other than they are from crocodiles.
During the ____ epoch, there were fewer ____ and more ____, a reversal in the relative representation of these forms during modern times. a. Eocene; omomyids; eosimiids b. Miocene; Old World monkeys; apes C. Miocene; apes; Old World monkeys d. Oligocene; apes; Old World monkeys e. Paleocene; New World monkeys; Old World monkeys
n. Scientists have found one new fossil that is similar to Archaeopteryx. It is only the second fossil of its kind. It shows an animal that had a long-feathered tail and small teeth, like non-avian dinosaurs. But the animal also had flight feathers and wings, like modern birds. The fossil also shows a fused clavicle bone, which confirms the relationship between birds and dinosaurs because they are the only two groups with this characteristic. What is true about this scenario? It shows evidence of evolution. It shows evidence of widespread expression. It shows evidence of climate change. It shows evidence of causation.
4) What makes Archeopteryx an important fossil evolutionarily? A)This species has a mix of characters that suggest it was a "transitional" species between two large groups, dinosaurs and birds. B)This species is the oldest known, universally agreed upon, fossil of life, and therefore tells up what the common ancestor to all living things might have been like. C)This species has a mix of characters that suggests is was a "transitional" species between two large groups, fish and amphibians. D)This species is thought to be the last common ancestor between chimps and humans, and therefore is the root of our own specific group (homonins).