Answered: Energy is transformed

Science

Biology

Energy is transformed

BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+APPL.(LOOSELEAF)

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305967359

Author:STARR

Publisher:STARR

Chapter7: Releasing Chemical Energy

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1SA: Is the following statement true or false? Unlike animals, which make many ATP by aerobic...

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Biofuels A lot of energy is locked up in the chemical bonds of molecules made by plants. That energy can fuel consumers, as when an animal cell powers ATP synthesis by aerobic respiration. It can also fuel our cars, which run on energy released by burning biofuels or fossil fuels. Both processes are fundamentally the same: They release energy by breaking the bonds of organic molecules. Both use oxygen to break those bonds, and both produce carbon dioxide. Unlike fossil fuels, biofuels are a renewable source of energy: We can always make more of them simply by growing more plants. Also unlike fossil fuels, biofuels do not contribute to global climate change, because growing plant matter for fuel recycles carbon that is already in the atmosphere. Corn, soy, sugarcane, and other food crops are rich in oils, starches, and sugars that can be easily converted to biofuels. The starch in corn kernels, for example, can be enzymatically broken down to glucose, which is fermented to ethanol by bacteria or yeast. However, growing food crops for biofuel production typically requires a lot of energy (in the form of fossil fuels) and it damages the environment. Making biofuels from other plant matter such as weeds or agricultural waste requires additional steps, because these materials contain a higher proportion of cellulose. Breaking down this tough carbohydrate to its glucose monomers adds cost to the biofuel product. In 2006, David Tilman and his colleagues published the results of a 10-year study comparing the net energy output of various biofuels. The researchers made biofuel from a mixture of native perennial grasses grown without irrigation, fertilizer, pesticides, or herbicides, in sandy soil that was so depleted by intensive agriculture that it had been abandoned. The energy content of this biofuel and the energy it took to produce it were measured and compared with that of biofuels made from food crops (Figure 5.16). Which of the three crops required the least amount of land to produce a given amount of biofuel energy?
Biofuels A lot of energy is locked up in the chemical bonds of molecules made by plants. That energy can fuel consumers, as when an animal cell powers ATP synthesis by aerobic respiration. It can also fuel our cars, which run on energy released by burning biofuels or fossil fuels. Both processes are fundamentally the same: They release energy by breaking the bonds of organic molecules. Both use oxygen to break those bonds, and both produce carbon dioxide. Unlike fossil fuels, biofuels are a renewable source of energy: We can always make more of them simply by growing more plants. Also unlike fossil fuels, biofuels do not contribute to global climate change, because growing plant matter for fuel recycles carbon that is already in the atmosphere. Corn, soy, sugarcane, and other food crops are rich in oils, starches, and sugars that can be easily converted to biofuels. The starch in corn kernels, for example, can be enzymatically broken down to glucose, which is fermented to ethanol by bacteria or yeast. However, growing food crops for biofuel production typically requires a lot of energy (in the form of fossil fuels) and it damages the environment. Making biofuels from other plant matter such as weeds or agricultural waste requires additional steps, because these materials contain a higher proportion of cellulose. Breaking down this tough carbohydrate to its glucose monomers adds cost to the biofuel product. In 2006, David Tilman and his colleagues published the results of a 10-year study comparing the net energy output of various biofuels. The researchers made biofuel from a mixture of native perennial grasses grown without irrigation, fertilizer, pesticides, or herbicides, in sandy soil that was so depleted by intensive agriculture that it had been abandoned. The energy content of this biofuel and the energy it took to produce it were measured and compared with that of biofuels made from food crops (Figure 5.16). The production of which biofuel was most efficient (which had the highest ratio of energy output to energy input)?
Biofuels A lot of energy is locked up in the chemical bonds of molecules made by plants. That energy can fuel consumers, as when an animal cell powers ATP synthesis by aerobic respiration. It can also fuel our cars, which run on energy released by burning biofuels or fossil fuels. Both processes are fundamentally the same: They release energy by breaking the bonds of organic molecules. Both use oxygen to break those bonds, and both produce carbon dioxide. Unlike fossil fuels, biofuels are a renewable source of energy: We can always make more of them simply by growing more plants. Also unlike fossil fuels, biofuels do not contribute to global climate change, because growing plant matter for fuel recycles carbon that is already in the atmosphere. Corn, soy, sugarcane, and other food crops are rich in oils, starches, and sugars that can be easily converted to biofuels. The starch in corn kernels, for example, can be enzymatically broken down to glucose, which is fermented to ethanol by bacteria or yeast. However, growing food crops for biofuel production typically requires a lot of energy (in the form of fossil fuels) and it damages the environment. Making biofuels from other plant matter such as weeds or agricultural waste requires additional steps, because these materials contain a higher proportion of cellulose. Breaking down this tough carbohydrate to its glucose monomers adds cost to the biofuel product. In 2006, David Tilman and his colleagues published the results of a 10-year study comparing the net energy output of various biofuels. The researchers made biofuel from a mixture of native perennial grasses grown without irrigation, fertilizer, pesticides, or herbicides, in sandy soil that was so depleted by intensive agriculture that it had been abandoned. The energy content of this biofuel and the energy it took to produce it were measured and compared with that of biofuels made from food crops (Figure 5.16). About how much energy did ethanol produced from one hectare of corn yield? How much energy did it take to grow and produce that ethanol?
Autotrophs and heterotrophs are similar in that Group of answer choices both turn inorganic molecules like CO2 into organic molecules. they both convert sunlight to energy for cellular work. both do cellular respiration. Autotrophs are also known as Group of answer choices there isn't enough information in the question to answer. consumers. producers. Which of the following stages of cellular respiration have NADH, ATP and pyruvic acid as its end products? Group of answer choices citric acid cycle electron transport chain glycolysis In the citric acid cycle of cellular respiration, Group of answer choices most of the ATP of cellular respiration is produced. glucose is added directly to an acceptor molecule in the citric acid cycle. NADH and FADH2 give up their electrons and hydrogen into the cycle, and leave the cycle as NAD+ and FAD. A carbon atom called acetic acid enters the cycle and 2 CO2 molecules leave the cycle.…
The connection between producers and consumers is that only: A) heterotrophs can perform photosynthesis to produce energy for all life B) autotrophs can use sun energy to u to produce energy for all organisms C) producers use cellular respiration to produce energy for all life D) heterotrophs can perform cellular respiration producing oxygen for all organisms
Why do the electrons in water and carbon dioxide have so little chemical energy? Because there are oxygen atoms in these molecules. The high electronegativity of oxygen pulls the electrons to low energy levels. Because they are the end products of cellular respiration and this is the only place where these molecules are produced. Because animals and plants release carbon dioxide and water into the atmosphere. All of the above
In a redox reaction, an atom or molecule loses excited electrons to become___and have__energy. In cellular respiration, NAD+ has __and NADH has___. 1)reduced or oxidized 2)low or high 3)low energy or high energy 4)low energy or high energy
Which of the following statements is a correct distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs? a. Only heterotrophs require chemical compounds from the environment. b. Cellular respiration is unique to heterotrophs. c. Only heterotrophs have mitochondria. d. Only autotrophs can live on nutrients that are entirely inorganic
Which of the following is true about how oxygen is formed during photosynthesis? Select one or more: a. oxygen is formed during the production of sugars b. carbon dioxide molecules are broken down to form oxygen c. oxygen is formed during electron transport d. water molecules are broken down to form oxygen
The basic raw materials for photosynthesis are: sugar and carbon dioxide. water and carbon dioxide. oxygen and water. sugar and water. oxygen and carbon dioxide
Photosynthesis is a complex process that has an important impact on your daily life and the ecosystem of the entire planet. Photosynthesis is the source for all of the carbon that builds the bodies of organisms and the energy that runs their bodies. Which of the following statements is correct? A. You are born with all the carbon atoms you need for your entire life. B. As you grow, you need to take in more carbon atoms.
Fill in the blanks for the following During the light reactions,______ energy is absorbed from the sun and converted to______ energy, which is temporarily stored in ________ and _______These outputs are then used as the inputs for the