Enumerate and explain the features that lead to differential nerve impulse conductance in a bare plasma membrane versus an unmyelinated axon versus a myelinated axon.

Q: Describe the propagation of an action potential. Contrast this eventin myelinated and unmyelinated…

A: An action potential is produced in the body of the neuron and spread through its axon.  The action…

Q: Match the description with the statement that best describes the following regions e dendrites +…

A: Neuron:

Q: Describe the 6 step sequence of events that occurs at the NMJ in response to a nerve Action…

A: Steps:- The sarcolemma initiates the action potential. 2)The axon terminal receives the action…

Q: Concisely describe five steps that occur between the arrival of an action potential at the axon…

A: Nervous framework, coordinated gathering of cells particular for the conduction of electrochemical…

Q: In axons, a negative inside membrane potential may be achieved by a difference in concentration of 2…

A: In axons, a negative inside membrane potential may be achieved by a difference in concentration of 2…

Q: Why are impulses transmitted more quickly down a myelinated axon than down an unmyelinated axon?

A: A neuron with myelin sheath can conduct impulse faster than the neurons which are without the myelin…

Q: Explain the role of neurotransmitters in the transmission ofa nerve impulse across a synapse.

A: There are two divisions of the nervous system. The central nervous system includes the brain and the…

Q: Illustrate the Binding of Neurotransmitters to Receptors?

A: Neurotransmitters are type of chemical messengers that help to transmit the stimuli from one neuron…

Q: Contrast the two types of summation at a synapse and explain how they function in synaptic decision…

A: Sensory neurons also make synaptic connections in the spinal cord with another type of neuron called…

Q: Describe how the speed of nerve signal conduction varies with axon diameter and the presence or…

A: Neurons send information and instructions throughout the brain and body. The information is sent via…

Q: Explain how action potentials are conducted by an unmyelinated axon.

A: Neurons are the basic unit of the nervous system that carry electrical stimuli throughout the body.…

Q: Receptors for serotonin and many other neurotransmitters (a) are voltage-activated ion channels (b)…

A: Neurotransmitters like serotonin are responsible for the conduction of the impulses across the…

Q: briefly explain the distribution of ions in an axon during depolarization and repolarization.

A: Action potential or an electrical impulse is another name for a nerve impulse. In contrast to a…

Q: Define each of the following and explain its importance to neuronal function: dendrites, soma, axon,…

A: The nervous system is the part of the body of an animal that coordinates its actions and transmits…

Q: If all the Ca2+ in the fluid surrounding a neuron were removed, how would this affect the…

A: Action potentials coming at synaptic knobs enhance the release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic…

Q: Explain how the sodium–potassium pump and the properties of the membrane lead to the resting…

A: Sodium-Potassium pump is an active transport mechanism, which takes place in the cell membrane of…

Q: Describe how action potentials are conducted by unmyelinated nerve fibers. Why is saltatory…

A: Introduction :- Conductability is the capacity to conduct the electrical along it's pathway. The…

Q: Describe how gating of Na+ and K+ in the axon membrane results in the production of an action…

A: In reaction to stimuli, the axon membrane permeability to K+ and Na+ depends on the opening of gated…

Q: What happens at the nodes of Ranvier in a myelinated axon?

A: Introduction: Myelinated axons have microscopic gaps within them called nodes of Ranvier. These gaps…

Q: Describe how the permeability of the axon membrane to Na+ and K+ is regulated and how changes in…

A: Introduction  Sodium and Potassium are the two most important ions which plays a crucial role in…

Q: Elaborate networks of neuronal processes that characterize the nervous system and how does it depend…

A: The nervous system comprises the brain, neurons and spinal cord. The nerves are responsible for…

Q: Summarize the major ways in which oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells differ in the way they produce…

A: The myelin sheath is extended and modified plasma membrane-bound around the nerve axon in a spiral…

Q: Describe how following a threshold stimulus, a action potential is carried along an unmyelinated…

A: Myelination refers to the presence of a myelin sheath on the axons. Myelin sheath is composed of…

Q: A neurotoxin was delivered to a patient that prevented sodium channels from opening at the axon…

A: Action potential is just rise and fall of membrane potential which generates signals to various…

Q: Describe the various division of human Nervous system. Draw and describe the various parts of a…

A: The nervous system is the part of physiology that controls and coordinates all body movements i.e…

Q: Explain why a nerve impulse travels more quicklydown a myelinated axon than down an…

A: Neurons are electrically excitable cells and these communicate with other cells through specialized…

Q: Describe the role of neurotransmitters in the function of neurons.

A: The nervous system is one of the major control systems in our body which plays a major role in…

Q: Describe in detail  the  three types of potentials seen in neurons and functions of  three  types…

A: The creation of a cerebrum signal : • dendrites: get signals from adjoining neurons (like a radio…

Q: Describe the evidence showing that axons seek specific targets.

A: An nerve fiber or axon is the long forecast of neuron or nerve cell.

Q: Summarize the role of various neurotransmitters inpropagating nerve impulses.

A: Introduction  Complex organisms such as Multicellular organisms need control and coordination…

Q: Explain how a chemical synapse produces an excitatory or inhibitory signal.

A: The action potential travels from one neuron to another and generates a response as a result of the…

Q: Compare and contrast electrical and chemical synapses.

A: When two chromosome joins they form synapsis during the cell division process and it is done between…

Q: Describe the structure of a synapse, and explain the process of nerve impulse transmission at a…

A: Introduction: The region where communication between two neurons or between a neuron and an effector…

Q: Explain the effect of the myelin sheath and the nodes ofRanvier on the conduction of impulses.

A: Neurons are brain cells that are specialized to transmit nerve impulses. The action potential…

Q: Describe communication between neurons

A: Neurons are cells within the nervous system that transmit information to other nerve cells, muscles,…

Q: Explain the mechanism by which action potentials are prevented from being propagated to a…

A: Action potential Is a shift in the resting membrane potential that is immediate, rapid, transitory,…

Q: Describe the 6 step sequence of events that occurs at the NMJ in response to a nerve Action…

A: Steps:- The sarcolemma initiates the action potential. 2)The axon terminal receives the action…

Q: Describe how the two phases of repolarization reset the neuronal axon to be depolarized again

A: Repolarization is a phase of an activity potential where the cell experince an abatement of voltage…

Q: Draw a well labelled diagram of a myelinated neuron showing the following parts: Perikaryon,…

A: Neurons are the basic unit of the nervous system. They are the longest cell in the body. Their main…

Q: Describe how neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate with each other and with the body.

A: Introduction  In multicellular organisms there is a specialised control and coordination between all…

Q: Dendrotoxins, produced by the mamba snakes (Dendroaspis), are inhibitors of the voltage-gated K+…

A: Action potential generates when the neurons want to pass the information along the body from its…

Q: List the synapses in which ACh is the neurotransmitter.

A: Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter found in preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic…

Q: Differentiate between Myelinated and non-myelinated axons.

A: The axon functions to transmit messages to different body parts such as muscles, other neurons,…

Q: Sequence the following list of events of a neuronal action potential by placing 1 next to the first…

A: Action potentials are those electrical impulses that send certain specific signals around your body…

Q: Assuming that ESre is a functioning neurotransmitter, what other ESre-specific components would we…

A: Nerve impulse transmission in the synapse:  In the human neurological system, there are two types…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.