Enzymes Calculate the AG between glucose and ATP catalyzed by hexokinase: glucose + ATP glucose-6-phosphate + ADP Is the reaction spontaneous?| Given data: Glucose-6-phosphate + H,O= glucose + P; AG' = -3138 cal/mole ATP+H,O =ADP+ P. AG'=-7700 cal/mole
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- Consider the following chemical reaction: Glucose + ATP → Glucose-6-Phosphate + ADP + Pi Given the following information, calculate the actual free energy change (G’) of this reaction. G’ of Glucose + ATP → Glucose-6-Phosphate + ADP + Pi = -16.7 kJ/mol [Glucose] = 5.0 mM [ATP] = 1.85 mM [Glucose-6-Phosphate] = 0.083 mM [ADP] = 0.14 mM [Pi] = 1.0 mM Temperature = 37 C R (Gas Constant) = 8.314 J/mol•KWhat terms would best describe the above coupled reaction? (If the DGo for ATP hydrolysis into ADP + inorganic phosphate is -7.3 kcal/mole, and the DGo for maltose synthesis from glucose + glucose is +3.7 kcal/mole, calculate the standard free energy change for the combined reaction of ATP + glucose + glucose g ADP + maltose + inorganic phosphate.) it is non-spontaneous and endothermic (because the overall DGo is negative) it is spontaneous and exothermic (because the overall DGo is negative) it is non-spontaneous and endothermic (because the overall DGo is positive) it is spontaneous and exothermic (because the overall DGo is positive) it is non-spontaneous and exothermic (because the overall DGo is negative)Complete catabolism of one glucose molecule yields 38 ATP molecules. How many moles of ATP are produced by the complete catabolism of 10 moles of glucose?
- A total of 30.5 kJ mol-1 of free energy is needed to synthesise ATP from ADP and Pi when the reactants and products are at 1.0 M concentrations and the temperature is 25oC. Because the actual physiological concentrations of ATP, ADP, and Pi are not 1.0 M, and the temperature is 37oC, the free energy required to synthesise ATP under physiological conditions is actually ~ 46.2 kJ mol-1. A 68 kg adult requires an energy intake of 8,550 kJ of food per day (24 hours). Calculate the mass (in Kg) of ATP synthesised by a human adult in 24 hours, assuming that the percentage efficiency of converting inputted calories in ATP is 50%. What percentage of the body weight does this represent?How many ATP molecules could maximally be generated from one molecule of glucose, if the complete oxidation of 1 mole of glucose to CO2 and H2O yields 686 kcal of free energy and the useful chemical energy available in the high- energy phosphate bond of 1 mole of ATP is 12 kcal?The complete combustion of palmitate and glucose yields 9781 kJ ∙ mol−1 and 2850 kJ ∙ mol−1 of free energy, respectively. Compare these values to the free energy (as ATP) obtained though catabolism of palmitate and glucose under standard conditions. Which process is more efficient?
- In the third step of glycolysis, the given reactions are coupled. reaction 1: fructose-6-phosphate + Pi ⟶ fructose-1,6-bisphosphate + H2O (Δ? = −28 kJ/mol) reaction 2: ATP + H2O ⟶ ADP + Pi (Δ? = +13.8 kJ/mol) Calculate the overall ΔG (kJ/mol) for the coupled reaction.Using understanding of the thermodynamics laws, explain the energy transformations for the following processes. a. Glucose – Pyruvase + 2ATF + 2NADH b. Pyruvate – Acetyl-CoA + NaDH c. Citric acid – Oxoloacetate + 3NaDH + FADH2 + ATP d. H20 at PSII – ATP e. Photon at PSI – NADPH f. Co2 + RuBp – 3PG + ATP + NADPH – G3P (1/6 of which is converted to glucose)Assuming that the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle is operative, a complete oxidation of five molecules of glucose (by a eukaryotic cell) into carbon dioxide and water would produce approximately _________ ATP molecules via oxidative phosphorylation only. (Consider NADH = 2.5 ATP and FADH2 = 1.5 ATP)
- Consider the coupled reactions: 1,3-BPG → 3-PG + Pi ΔG°'= -16.3 kcalmolkcalmol ATP → ADP + Pi ΔG°'= -7.3 kcalmolkcalmol Which of the following is TRUE about the total ΔG°’ for the coupled reactions? -9.0 kcal/mol; spontaneous +9.0 kcal/mol; nonspontaneous -23.6 kcal/mol; spontaneous +23.6 kcal/mol; nonspontaneousConsider the following equilibrium at 25ºC :Glucose-1-Phosphate Glucose-6-PhophateUsing the equilibrium concentrations of [Glucose-1-Phosphate] = 0.35 M and [Glucose-6-Phosphate] = 1.65 M, calculate BOTH K′eqand Gº′ for this reaction. Is this reaction exergonicor endergonic? R = 8.314 J/K·molHow many total (NOT NET) molecules of ATP are synthesized from ADP via glycolysis of a single molecule of glucose? Explain by detailing the reactions (steps) involved.