Escherichia coli O157:H7 can cause serious food- borne illness. This strain of E. coli has acquired the ability to create a toxin normally produced in the bacterial species Shigella. Which of the following would not explain this ability found in E. coli? a) reproduction b) recombination c) conjugation d) transduction e) transformation

Q: What is the process by which bacteria convert nitrogen gas in the air to ammonia ?

A: Almost 80% of the atmosphere is made of nitrogen. It is an important constituent to make up bio…

Q: Can all bacteria undergo transformation? Explain.

A: Transformation is the process of taking up of foreign DNA or naked DNA by bacterial cells. The…

Q: How do we know that intergenic exchange occurs in bacteriophages?

A: Bacteriophages are the type of viruses which infects the bacteria and have a DNA or RNA molecule in…

Q: Where are bacteriophages found?

A: The micro-organism is the organism that is too small to be seen with the naked eye. It is viewed by…

Q: The five stages of the bacteriophage lytic cycle occur in this order:a. penetration, attachment,…

A: A virus is a submicroscopic organism which contains genetic information either in the form of DNA…

Q: What is conjugation? What role do plasmids play in conjugation?

A: Bacteria are the most important microorganisms to the food processor. Some bacteria are beneficial…

Q: You have discovered a new species of archaea from a hot spring in Yellowstone National Park.  After…

A: In prokaryotes, the genome consists of a single DNA molecule. These genomes are much longer than the…

Q: Why are Archaea resistant to penicillin?

A: Different types of antimicrobial agents are used to inhibit the growth of bacteria. Specific…

Q: In order to transform a bacteria, the cell wall should be perforated either through physical or…

A: The cell wall is the very outer membrane of the cell. It has a rigid, semi-permeable protective…

Q: Are “Bacillus cereus” and “Staphylococcus aureus” prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

A: Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms that consist of a single prokaryotic cell. They are the most…

Q: frederic griffith used the word transformation to describe the changes in bacteria that he observed.…

A: Frederic Griffith was a British bacteriologist whose experiments proved the existence of a…

Q: Why are prokaryotes able to replicate so much more quickly than eukaryotes? What cellular components…

A: Answer: PROKARYOTES = These are the cells which lacks cell oragnelles and a well defined nucleus.…

Q: Pinocytosis can bring all of the following substances into most eukaryotic cells, with the exception…

A: Pinocytosis is a type of endocytosis that brings the small particles along with the fluids into the…

Q: How do bacteriocins benefit bacteria in their natural habitat?

A: Bacteriocins are the protein substances, which are toxic to the other closely related strains of the…

Q: A Hfr bacterium mates with an F- plasmid containing bacterium. What will be the type of bacteria…

A: High-frequency recombination (Hfr) cell is a bacterium that carries a conjugative plasmid ( F…

Q: cell infected with lambda bacteriophage can follow one of two pathways: the lytic or lysogenic…

A: The Cro protein in bacteriophage lambda is a repressor of the genes expressed early in phage…

Q: E. coli

A: Bacterial Strain LE392 is used for both genomic and cDNA cloning. LE392 lacks the E. coli K…

Q: After sequencing E.coli ROAR340 strain and using Silico Clermont Phylotyper tools show that is it…

A: Escherichia coli, also known as E. coli, is a gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped…

Q: From what other environments might E. coli bacteriophages be readily isolated?

A: Some of the prokaryotes, especially bacteria are infected with the viruses. These viruses are known…

Q: How does bacteriophage lambda "decide" whether to enter the lytic or lysogenic cycle when it infects…

A: Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. They are made of nucleic acid enclosed within the…

Q: In a petri dish with solidified agar with escherichia coli, enterobacter aerogenes and…

A: If lytic T4 bacteriophage initiates its infection by binding OmpC protein and lipopolysaccharide on…

Q: In order to determine the genetic material of a T2 phage, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase conducted…

A: The proteins holding a more complex nature than DNA was thought to be the carried genetic…

Q: How might genes, such as those responsible for drug resistance, be transferred between bacterial…

A: According to the question, we have to explain the process by which the genes, responsible for drug…

Q: What is horizontal gene transfer? What are the three mechanisms for this to occur in bacteria?

A: According to guidelines we have to answer the first question only. so please kindly post the…

Q: Why are conjugation and sporulation not considered as forms of reproduction in prokaryotic cells,…

A: Conjugation : It is the process by which one bacterium transfers genetic material to another through…

Q: T4 phage isolated from E. coli strain B infect E. coli strain K,

A: T4 is a capable of undergoing only a lytic cycle  the phage initiates an E.coli infection by…

Q: What is horizontal gene transfer? What are the three mechanisms for this to occur in bacteria? What…

A: 1. The non-sexual flow of genetic information between genomes is known as horizontal gene transfer…

Q: Can all bacteria undergo transformation? Explain.

A: Transformation is the process of horizontal gene transfer in prokaryotes, specifically bacteria.

Q: what are CXCL10 and CCL2. what role do they play?

A: Chemokines are the family of small cytokines, also known as signaling proteins that are secreted by…

Q: . In order for a phage to infect the host bacterium, it is preferred that the cell wall is newly…

A: In order for a phage to infect the host bacterium, it is preferred that the cell wall is newly…

Q: Pinocytosis can bring all of the following substances into most eukaryotic cells, with the exception…

A: Pinocytosis is a type of endocytosis which brings the small particles along with the fluids into the…

Q: What is the purpose of Punnet square?

A: An allele is a variant of a gene. For example, tall and dwarf are two different alleles of the gene…

Q: what makes a prion so strong that it becomes difficult to destroy it even under high temperature?

A: Prion are mis-folded proteins, that make virus-like microorganisms called Prions. These proteins…

Q: What is meant by the term "streptobacillus"? a-bacteria that are rods and arranged in grapelike…

A: Streptobacillus is gram negative bacteria.  It is non motile and non spore forming bacteria.

Q: Humans perfected the use of recombinant DNA technology to produce human insulin from bacteria.…

A: Biotechnology is the branch of Biology which deals with the manipulation of organisms and their…

Q: In a series of infection experiments, a researcher discovers that the ID50 value for the infectious…

A: A pathogen is a microorganism that can be a bacteria, virus, protozoan, etc. which has the…

Q: What is the purpose of conjugation in bacteria?

A: Horizontal gene transfer is the process through which an organism incorporates its genetic material…

Q: What is bacterial conjugation and how was it discovered?

A: Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is defined as the exchange of genetic material between organisms.…

Q: Describe the growth pathway the bacteriophage lambda will take when used to infect a mid-log-phase…

A: A bacteriophage is a virus that causes bacteria to become infected. Since bacteriophages consume…

Q: . In what ways are bacterial transformations useful to humans? (Give as many specific examples as…

A: Bacterial transformation is among modern methods for producing recombinant DNA, wherein genomes from…

Q: What occurs in bacterial conjugation?

A: Conjugation is a process of genetic recombination in bacteria in which the donor bacterial cell…

Q: In order to determine the genetic material of a T2 phage, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase conducted…

A: Phosphorus and sulfur both are the elements that cycle through the biotic and abiotic parts of an…

Q: Describe the events that take place at the replication fork during replication of DNA of Escherichia…

A: Replication fork is Y shape structure  formed during replication. It mainly occurs in elongation…

Q: From the perspective of a bacteriophage, what is the advantage of being able to follow either a…

A: Bacteriophage :A type of virus which infects and replicates inside  bacteria. These are composed of…

Q: Why can transfer of DNA by conjugation cross genus lines, whereas transfer of DNA by natural…

A: Transformation is the uptake of DNA from the outside environment. For a bacterial cell to be able to…

Q: a bacteriophage has been isolated from the growth chambers that has evolved the capability to the…

A: In the modern age of technological revolution, various different techniques of genetic engineering…