Evaluate three cost/benefit ratios for most companies that are required to comply with SOX. Indicate whether the benefits are equivalent to the cost for minimizing the risk of accounting fraud. Provide support for the analysis
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Evaluate three cost/benefit ratios for most companies that are required to comply with SOX. Indicate whether the benefits are equivalent to the cost for minimizing the risk of accounting fraud. Provide support for the analysis
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- Answer the following: In detail, what's the benefit of accounting harmonization?Discuss how Standardization can reduce administrative costs?Illustrate one of the Statistical methods for the measurement of accounting harmonization in detail (by Research, will not be found in the book)Which of the following would assist an entity in cat and prevent fraud? a. Accounting reconciliations b. Segregation of duties c. All the options d. Performance reviewsDrawing on your background in accounting, can you think of any accounting procedure differences that might make it difficult to compare the relative performance of different firms?
- An important task ¡n the audit of the revenue cycle is determining whether a client has appropriately recognized revenue. a. What is the five-step process that companies should use in recognizing revenue? Why might the auditor need to do additional research and consider additional criteria on revenue recognition? b. The following are situations in which the auditor will make decisions about the amount of revenue to be recognized. For each of the following scenarios, labeled (1) through (6): . Identify the key issues to address in determining whether or not revenue should he recognized. . Identify additional information the auditor may want to gather in making a decision on revenue recognition. . Based only on the information presented, develop a rationale for either the recognition or nonrecognition of revenue. 1. AOL sells software that is unique as a provider of Internet services. The software contract includes a service fee of $19.95 for up to 500 hours of Internet service each month. The minimum requirement is a one-year contract. The company proposes to immediately recognize 30% of the first-year’s contract as revenue from the sale of software and 70% as Internet services on a monthly basis as fees are collected from the customer. 2. Modis Manufacturing builds specialty packaging machinery for other manufacturers. All of the products are high end and range in sales price from $5 million to $25 million. A major customer is rebuilding one of its factories and has ordered three machines with total revenue for Modis of $45 million. The contracted date to complete the production was November, and the company met the contract dare. The customer acknowledges the contract and confirms the amount. However, because the factory is not yet complete, it has asked Modis to hold the products in the ware house as a courtesy until its building is complete. 3. Standish Stoneware has developed a new low-end line of baking products that will be sold directly to consumers and to low-end discount retailers. The company had previously sold high-end silverware products to specialty stores and has a track record of returned items for the high-end stores. The new products tend to have more defects, but the defects are not necessarily recognizable ¡n production. For example, they are more likely to crack when first used in baking. The company does not have a history of returns from these products, but because the products are new, it grants each customer the right to return the merchandise for a full refund or replacement within one year of purchase. 4. Omer Technologies is a high-growth company that sells electronic products to the custom copying business. It is an industry with high innovation, but Omer’s technology is basic. In order to achieve growth, management has empowered the sales staff to make special deals to increase sales in the fourth quarter of the year. The sales deals include a price break and an increased salesperson commission but not an extension of either the product warranty or the customer’s right to return the product. 5. Electric City is a new company that has the exclusive right to a new technology that saves municipalities a substantial amount of energy for large-scale lighting purposes (e.g., for ball fields, parking lots, and shop ping centers). The technology has been shown to be very cost effective in Europe. In order to get new customers to try the product, the sales force allows customers to try the product for up to six months to prove the amount of energy savings they will realize. The company is so confident that customers will buy the product that it allows this pilot-testing period. Revenue is recognized at the time the product is installed at the customer location, with a small provision made for potential returns. 6. Jackson Products decided to quit manufacturing a line of its products and outsourced the production. However, much of its manufacturing equipment could be used by other companies. In addition, it had over $5 million of new manufacturing equipment on order in a noncancelable deal. The company decided to become a sales representative to sell the new equipment ordered and its existing equipment. All of the sales were recorded as revenue.Needles talks about the use of a continuum ranging from questionable or highly conservative to fraud to assess the amount to be recorded for an estimated expense. Do you believe that the choice of an overly conservative or overly aggressive amount would reflect earnings management? Explain.What is the primary objective of assurance services? To provide expert advice and recommendations for improving business processes. To assist in the preparation and filing of tax returns. O To evaluate and provide an opinion on the reliability of information. O To ensure compliance with legal and regulatory requirements.
- Which of the following is the best description of reliability in relation to information in financial statements? Comprehensibility to users Influence on the economic decisions Freedom from material error and bias Inclusion of degree of caution of usersOne of the requirements of financial statements is that they should be free from material error. Suggest three safeguards, which may exist, inside or outside a company to ensure that the financial statements are free from material errorConsider FASB Concepts Statement No. 8, as amended. What are the conceptual issues underlying financial reporting in determining how the coronavirus event should be reported and disclosed in the financial statements? How does it relate to the measurement of potential costs to the business including contingencies? Explain the accounting and auditing issues related to the coronavirus event with respect to accurately determining reportable amounts and disclosures of events. Which group(s) represent the public interest with respect to accounting for the events surrounding the coronavirus and what are their interests? Based on what you know to date, evaluate whether the crisis has been handled properly by the various stakeholders. Use ethical reasoning to support your view.
- Recommend two or more improvements in ethical standards from an accounting perspectiveThe following questions relate to the apparent divergence in view between the standard setters and the private sector, with respect to the need to shift from historical cost to current value accounting: (a) In your opinion, why do standard setters moving away from traditional historical cost accounting? (b) Why do think that the business community and the public accounting firms are so strongly opposed to a move away from historical cost accounting? (c) Measurement principles are fundamental to any accounting system. Why does the Framework lack fully developed measurement concepts?Which of the following benefits of an effective accounting information system provides safeguards for a business’s assets and reduces the likelihood of fraud and errors? Flexibility Relevance Control Compatibility