Example: Comparision company (pure play) approach General Conglomerates evaluates an oil exploration project proposed by the manager of its aviation division. Calculate the correct discount rate to use to evaluate the project. Assume that there are no taxes and all debt is risk free. The risk free rate is 7% and the market risk premium equals 8%. Company General American Oil Louisiana Land and Expl. Mesa Petroleum Murphy Oil Natomas Oceanic Exploration Superior Oil Equity Beta 1.81 1.29 2.36 1.60 1.84 1.53 1.35 E/(D+E) 0.85 0.88 0.63 0.73 0.65 0.77 0.84
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How is GEneral Conglomerates levered beta assumed to be 1.40?
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- You have the following initial information on Financeur Co. on which to base your calculationsand discussion for questions 2):• Current long-term and target debt-equity ratio (D:E) = 1:3• Corporate tax rate (TC) = 30%• Expected Inflation = 1.55%• Equity beta (E) = 1.6325• Debt beta (D) = 0.203• Expected market premium (rM – rF) = 6.00%• Risk-free rate (rF) =2.05%2) Assume now a firm that is an existing customer of Financeur Co. is considering a buyoutof Financeur Co. to allow them to integrate production activities. The potential acquiringfirm’s management has approached an investment bank for advice. The bank believesthat the firm can gear Financeur Co. to a higher level, given that its existing managementhas been highly conservative in its use of debt. It also notes that the customer’s firm hasthe same cost of debt as that of Financeur Co. Thus, it has suggested use of a target debtequity ratio of 2:3 when undertaking valuation calculations.a) What would the required rate of return…Ace Enterprises Limited is a large company involved in production and sale of petroleum products. The Finance Department of the company is trying to determine the company’s optimal capital structure. The firms’ financial advisors have developed the following table:Equity-Ratio Debt-Ratio Before Tax Cost of Debt (Kd)100% 0% 7.00%80% 20% 8.00%60% 40% 10%40% 60% 12%20% 80% 15%The company uses and applies the Capital Assets Pricing Model to estimate its cost of common equity. The company estimates that the risk free rate is 4.0%. The market risk premium is 6.0%, and its tax rate is 30 percent. The company estimates that if it had no debt, its unlevered beta would be 1.2. Required:A. Based on the above…Ace Enterprises Limited is a large company involved in production and sale of petroleum products. The Finance Department of the company is trying to determine the company’s optimal capital structure. The firms’ financial advisors have developed the following table: Equity Ratio Debt Ratio Before Tax Cost of Debt 100% 0% 7% 80% 20% 8% 60% 40% 10% 40% 60% 12% 20% 80% 15% The company uses and applies the Capital Assets Pricing Model to estimate its cost of common equity. The company estimates that the risk free rate is 4.0%. The market risk premium is 6.0%, and its tax rate is 30 percent. The company estimates that if it had no debt, its unlevered beta would be 1.2. Required: A. Based on the above information, what is the firm’s optimal capital structure? B. What would the weighted average cost of capital be at the optimal capital structure? C. If a firm went from zero debt to successively higher levels of debt, why would you expect its stock price to first rise, then hit…
- K-Life financial services Limited uses risk-adjusted return on capital (RAROC) to measure performance on several aspects. In this regard, imagine that an investment officer wants to execute a transaction with the following characteristics: Probability of default (PD) = 30 basis points Loss given default (LGD) = 55% Exposure at default (EAD) = K 1.45 million Expected loss (EL) = K 2,750 This is a loan to a company in the Agro industrial. The firm’s economic capital (EC) model is based on the 99% confidence level, with an average standard deviation of 2.15%. The risk-free rate of return is 6%. Assume that the bank has set a RAROC hurdle rate of 15% and this transaction has a net profit of K10, 500. REQUIRED: Compute the K-life’s risk-adjusted rate of return on this transaction. Now assume that K-life could also have made a loan for the same amount to a firm in the service industry, and that the standard deviation for economic capital purposes in this case is 1.29%. Compute the bank’s…Free cash flow valuation Nabor Industries is considering going public but is unsure of a fair offering price for the company. Before hiring an investment banker to assist in making the public offering, managers at Nabor have decided to make their own estimate of the firm's common stock value. The firm's CFO has gathered data for performing the valuation using the free cash flow valuation model. The firm's weighted average cost of capital is 12 %, and it has $3,060,000 of debt at market value and $610,000 of preferred stock in terms of market value. The estimated free cash flows over the next 5 years, 2020 through 2024, are given in the table. Beyond 2024 to infinity, the firm expects its free cash flow to grow by 6 % annually. Year (t) Free Cash Flow (FCF) 2020 $260,000 2021 $330,000 2022 $380,000 2023 $430,000 2024 $480,000 a. Estimate the value of Nabor Industries' entire company by using the free cash flow valuation model. b.…Gigih Selalu Limited is deciding to invest in a new project. The project would have asimilar risk as its existing projects. The company needs to determine the appropriatediscount rate for evaluation purposes. The market risk premium is 8% and risk-free rate is4,5%. Assume company’s tax rate is 35%.The company has 8,000 6.5% coupon bonds outstanding, RM1,000 par value, 20 years tomaturity, selling at 92% of par. The bond makes semiannual payments.The company also has 250,000 common shares outstanding, selling at RM57 per share,with the beta of 1.05.In addition to common stock, Gigih Selalu Limited has 15,000 shares of 5% preferredstock outstanding, currently selling for RM93 per share.From the information above, calculate:i. The total market value of the firmii. The cost of equityiii. The cost of debtiv. Cost of preferred sharesv. WACC for the new project
- Finance Companies A and B are each considering an unanticipated new investment opportunity that will marginally increase the value of the company and will also increase the company’s level of diversication. Company A is unlevered, and company B has a capital structure of 50% debt. Assume that the shareholders control the company, which one of the following statements is correct. a) Since NPV of the investment is positive both company A and B will accept the project. b) Since the project only marginally increase company values but decreases return variance of the company’s assets both companies will reject the project. c) It is more obvious that Company B invests since for levered company the diversication benefits are more important. d) None of the given alternative.High Adventure is considering a new project that is similar in risk to the firm's current operations. Thefirm maintains a debt-equity ratio of .55 and retains all profits to fund the firm's rapid growth. Howshould the firm determine its cost of equity?Select one:a. By averaging the costs based on the dividend growth model and the capital asset pricing model.b. By adding the market risk premium to the after tax cost of debt.c. By using the dividend growth model.d. By using the capital asset pricing model.e. By multiplying the market risk premium by 1.55Intermountain Resources is a multidivisional company. It has three divisions with the following betas and proportion of the firm’s total assets: Division Beta Proportion of Assets Natural gas pipelines 0.60 40% Oil and gas production 0.90 30 Oil and gas exploration 1.30 30 The risk-free rate is 10 percent, and the market risk premium is 9 percent. What is the firm’s weighted average beta? Round your answer to two decimal places. What required equity rate of return should the firm use for average-risk projects in its natural gas pipeline division? Round your answer to one decimal place. % What required equity rate of return should the firm use for average-risk projects in its oil and gas exploration division? Round your answer to one decimal place. %
- The DestitutusVentis Company (DV Co) has the following items on its balance sheet (question mark means that the quantity is unknown): Type of asset/liability Market value Risk (beta) Cash holdings £20m 0 Fixed investments £180m ? Short term debt £10m 0 Long term debt £70m 0.05 Equity £120m 1.1 The risk-free rate is 3%, and the average return on the market index is 7%. The number of shares outstanding for DV Co is 100m. The corporate and investor tax rates are zero. Modigliani-Miller irrelevance of dividend policy and capital structure holds. What is the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for DV Co? The company plans to pay a dividend per share of £0.10, which is funded by increasing the company’s long-term debt correspondingly. The new debt has the same beta as the old long-term debt. What is the value per share of the DV Co’s stock on ex-dividend day if the dividend payment goes ahead? What is the beta of the equity on…Which statements are true about an ABS CDO created from the mezzanine tranche of an ABS? Select all that apply: If the underlying assets lose 10% of their value, investors in the ABS CDO mezzanine tranche can lose at most 10% of their investment. Investors in the ABS CDO equity tranche are promised higher returns than investors who buy into the ABS CDO mezzanine tranche. ABS CDOs are created to create more AAA-rates tranches. The senior tranche of the ABS CDO is less risky than the senior tranche of the ABS.Free cash flow valuation Nabor Industries is considering going public but is unsure of a fair offering price for the company. Before hiring an investment banker to assist in making the public offering, managers at Nabor have decided to make their own estimate of the firm's common stock value. The firm's CFO has gathered data for performing the valuation using the free cash flow valuation model. The firm's weighted average cost of capital is 15 %, and it has $ 1,670,000 of debt at market value and $ 330,000 of preferred stock in terms of market value. The estimated free cash flows over the next 5 years, 2020 through 2024, are given in the table, Year (t) Free cash flow (FCF) 2020 $230,000 2021 $260,000 2022 $330,000 2023 $370,000 2024 $440,000 Beyond 2024 to infinity, the firm expects its free cash flow to grow by 5% annually. a. Estimate the value of Nabor Industries' entire company by using the free cash flow valuation model. b. Use your finding in part a,…