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Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
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Solved in 3 steps
- Discuss the significance of modified bases within tRNA molecules.An enzyme known as ___________________ attaches an amino acid to the_________________ of a tRNA, thereby producing_______________ . a. aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, anticodon, a charged tRNA b. aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, 3′ single-stranded region of the acceptor stem, a charged tRNA c. polynucleotide phosphorylase, anticodon, a charged tRNA d. polynucleotide phosphorylase, anticodon, an aminoacyl-tRNA13c give the codon sequences of every code on this tRNA with the anti-codon 5AAG3, could pair with including wobble matches
- The Second Genetic Code Review the evidence establishing that aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases bridge the information gap between amino acids and codons. Indicate the various levels of specificity possessed by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases that are essential for high-fidelity translation of messenger RNA molecules.From this overall anticodon sequence in tRNA, 3'-CAUCGGAAUAGAUCGCUAGUGGCAGGCAUAAUGAUCACCGGUCUGAGAAAAGUGGUACAUAUCAAC-5' What is the amino acid sequence that will be coded for using THREE-letter amino acid code starting from N-terminus to C-terminus.Using the following list of codons describe, using diagrams etc., how information stored in the DNA is translated into a peptide. Be sure to discuss all steps. In other words, use a diagram and give me sequences, transcription and translation steps. Show the sequences of the sense and the other DNA strand, the mRNA and the tRNA’s. UUU -phenylalanine UCU -serine AUG –initiation/methionine CUU -leucine ACU -threonine GUU -valine UAA -Termination
- Transfer RNA molecules are quite large, given that the anticodon consists of only three nucleotides. What is the purpose of the rest of the tRNA molecule?All of the following apply to tRNAs EXCEPT: (more than one may apply) A. attach amino acids at the 5’ end B. have stems and loops C. are all encoded by a single gene D. an anti-codon of 5’AAC3’ corresponds to a codon of 3’UUG5’ E. exhibit distinctive 3D folds F. are acted on by 64 different aminoacyl synthetases G. are charged with amino acids by peptidyl transferaseFrom this overall anticodon sequence in tRNA, 3'-CAUCGGAAUAGAUCGCUAGUGGCAGGCAUAAUGAUCACCGGUCUGAGAAAAGUGGUACAUAUCAAC-5' What is the amino acid sequence that will be coded for using ONE-letter amino acid code starting from N-terminus to C-terminus and using THREE-letter amino acid code starting from N-terminus to C-terminus
- Below is a polinucleotide sequence of the non-template strand of a coding DNA sequence. Use the info of this molecule as well as the attached addendum to demonstrate the flow of genetic information to protein sequence as described by the so-called “Central Dogma” . Clearly indicate the direction of your polynucleotide strands and peptide/protein. Example: (USE SPACES BETWEEN CODONS): ' XXX XXX XXX XXX ' Example: (USE SPACES BETWEEN AMINOACIDS): Polypeptide: direction-XXX-XXX-XXX-direction ATG GCA TGC AAT AGC TCA TGC b) What would happen to the amino acid sequence if the underlined nucleotide (C) would change to an A? (3Which of the following is not true? A.) A single activating enzyme can interact with all the tRNAs for its corresponding amino acid B.) The selectivity of the aminoacyl-tRNA sunthetases for their tRNA molecules is oftern called the second Genetic code C.) There are two major classes of aminoacyl-tRNA syntetases D.) Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases link amino acids to tRNA molecules without the need for an energy sourcetRNA charging produces a functional tRNA with an appropriate O ribose to deoxyribose ratio O lipid profile van der Waal interaction O anino acid