Explain the autoregulatory mechanism of GFR.

Q: What are the effects of ANP on the GFR?

A: ANP stands for Atrial natriuretic peptide. This is a hormones which is released from atrial walls of…

Q: Define the term Micturition?

A: Step 1 Excretion is the elimination of metabolic wastes and excess materials from the interior of a…

Q: Define the concept of tubular secretion ?

A: The organ systems of the body like excretory system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system and…

Q: Individuals with a rare condition called diabetes insipidus do not produce vasopressin. How would…

A: Diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus are not related to each other. In case of diabetes mellitus…

Q: Outline the routes and mechanisms of tubular reabsorption and secretion.

A: The removal of the solutes and water from the tubular fluid and transported into the blood is…

Q: describe micturition steps and neural control

A: Micturition is also called urination. It is the process of excretion of urine from the urinary…

Q: Define the term diuretics?

A: The urinary system is defined as a body system that is responsible for eliminating waste from the…

Q: Define the concept of tubular reabsorption ?

A: Tubular Reabsorption is the reabsorption of all liquids present in body.

Q: List the Pathways by which decreased plasma volume leads, via the renin-angiotensin system and…

A: Aldosterone is the primary mineralocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex. It maintains the ratio…

Q: The kidneys assist in the regulation of blood pressure via regulation of blood volume. How is renal…

A: Amount of water and sodium ingested determines the blood volume and is excreted by the kidneys as…

Q: Explain the significance of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and how it is regulated.

A: Introduction: Nephrons can be defined as the unit of filtration present in the kidney. Each nephron…

Q: Summarize the control and major renal tubular effects of aldosterone?

A: Aldosterone is a steroid hormone, secreted by the Adrenal cortex. It is the major mineralocorticoid…

Q: Describe the micturition reflex

A: Answer- Micturation is the process of emptying of the urinary bladder or to urinate.

Q: The basement membrane of the glomerulus is composed of glycoproteins and ___ and it restricts the…

A: Glomerulus is the capillary tuft present inside the Bowman's capsule. The process of ultrafiltration…

Q: Distinguish between glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion.

A: The movement of the water and the solutes across a cell membrane is called filtration. The movement…

Q: Illustrate the macroscopic and microscopic structures of the kidney

A: The cells are the primary unit of life. Based on the number of cells an organism may be unicellular…

Q: Describe the forces that determine the magnitude of the GFR.

A: The urinary system consists of kidneys, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys are present in a…

Q: Describe the process of Control of Na1 Reabsorption?

A: As the glomerular filtrate enters the renal tubules, it flows through the consecutive components of…

Q: Explain anti-diuretic hormone.

A: A chemical substance that is secreted in an organ and carried by the blood to various tissues of the…

Q: Describe the effects of aldosterone on the renal nephrons and explain how aldosterone secretion is…

A: The endocrine system commands and coordinates the complex actions of the body by secreting chemical…

Q: Explain how antidiuretic hormone, the reninangiotensin-aldosterone hormone mechanism, andatrial…

A: Urine volume, as well as concentration, is regulated via the same mechanism which is used to…

Q: Describe the filtration membrane, and explain the structures that do not normally pass through it.

A: The body metabolizes the food consumed to generate energy and the different building blocks required…

Q: State the two methods of intrinsic control used to regulate GFR. Choose one of the methods and…

A: The "kidneys" are remarkably skilled at controlling blood flow rate across a wide range of blood…

Q: Describe the forces that determine the magnitude of the GFR.What is the normal value of GFR?

A: BASIC INFORMATION  KIDNEY It is a paired organ present in our body. It helps the body to get rid of…

Q: Which characteristic of inflammation results in the abnormal findings seen in glomerulonephritis?

A: Introduction: The immune system's natural response to damage and illness is inflammation.…

Q: Identify the tubular transport mechanisms that are hormonally regulated.

A: Tubular transport mechanisms that are hormonally regulated.

Q: Why do individuals with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secrete…

A: SIADH - syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone it is caused due to following.

Q: What is the main direct cause of the decreased GFR?

A: Glomerular filtration rate is a measure of kidney function and used to identify the kidney disease.

Q: How would the characteristics of the urine differin untreated diabetes mellitus and…

A: Food contains complex molecules that have to be broken down into simpler forms. The process of…

Q: What is a normal value of GFR?

A: To answer this question we should have knowledge of physiology and biochemistry.

Q: Trace the flow of fluid through the renal tubules?

A: Each of those very little bodies consists of 2 parts: a central capillary of vessels, and a…

Q: Identify the principal factors that influence filtrationand explain how they affect the rate of…

A: Filtration is a physical process of separating liquids from solids with the help of a porous medium…

Q: List the Renal Mechanisms?

A: Excretion is the process through which the body’s metabolic wastes are removed. The vertebrates…

Q: A person with cirrhosis of the liver has lower than normal levels of plasma proteins and a higher…

A: GFR stands for Glomerular Filtration Rate. It is a measure of the amount of the blood that passes…

Q: Define transport maximum and renal plasma threshold. Explain why people with diabetes mellitus have…

A: Kidney helps in the purification of the blood by excreting or removing the waste from our blood in…

Q: Contrast the mechanisms of reabsorption for glucose and urea

A: Renal filtration is a process in which water and solutes are removed from the blood plasma as it…

Q: Explain why GFR cannot be determined by measuring theamount of NaCl in the urine.

A: Glomerular filtration rate or GFR can be defined as the amount of blood that passes through the…

Q: Explain how glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is maintained by renal autoregulation, decreased by…

A: Urine formation includes glomerular filteration, selective reabsorption and tubular secretion.…

Q: List the factors that affect the glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

A: Factors that affect the Glomerular Filtration rate are : Net Effective Fitration Pressure.…

Q: Name and define the process that occurs in glomerulus.

A: Step 1 The glomerulus is a bunch of anastomosing fine blood vessels that lie in the hollow of…

Q: Elevated levels of white blood

A: Urine is the liquid metabolic by product of our body, produced in the kidneys and eliminated through…

Q: What interacting controls stabilize the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

A: Glomerular Filtration Rate:                   Glomerular filtration rate describes the flow rate of…

Q: Does her low GFR indicate that too much filtrate, or too little filtrate, is being formed at her…

A: The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a measure of kidney function. GRF explains the total…

Q: Urine volume is reduced by the action of vasopressin gonadotropin-releasing hormone estradiol…

A: ANSWER) The Urine volume can be reduced by the action of Vasopressin as it has Anti diuretic action.

Q: Define glomerular filtration rate. What is its value in a healthy human?

A: The process of formation of urine is called uropoiesis. It takes place by following three steps: 1.…

Q: What effect does increasing blood pressure have on GFR? Why?

A: Glomerular filtration is the process that occurs in kidneys in which water and some dissolved…

Q: Regulated reabsorption of Na+ at the DCT occurs under the influence of the hormone

A: Introduction Kidneys are small bean-shaped organs present in the lower abdomen of the human body.…

Q: What will happen to urine production if ADH is higher or lower than normal?

A: Antidiuretic hormone is also called vasopressin.It is a hormone synthesized in the hypothalamus but…

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.