Describe the forces that determine the magnitude of the GFR.

Q: If the rate of urine formation is 2 ml/min, the urine inulin concentration is 25 mg/ml, and the…

A: GFR is glomerular filtration rate and it can be defined as the quantity of glomerular filtrate…

Q: What are the effects of ANP on the GFR?

A: ANP stands for Atrial natriuretic peptide. This is a hormones which is released from atrial walls of…

Q: Define the term Micturition?

A: Step 1 Excretion is the elimination of metabolic wastes and excess materials from the interior of a…

Q: Estimate the GFR in a 48-year-old woman who weighs 60 kg using the Cockcroft-Gault equation (in…

A: One of the waste products (resulting from muscle breakdown) that is eliminated by the body includes…

Q: Given the following: Glomerular capillary osmotic pressure = 30 mm Hg Glomerular capillary blood…

A: Net filtration pressure is the total pressure that acts across the glomerular capillaries to promote…

Q: Write the equation for the calculation of net filtration pressure (NFP), and explain the meaning of…

A: Calculation for Net filtration pressure: NFP = GBPH -[CHP+BCOP] NFP= Net Filtration pressure.  GBPH=…

Q: Define the term potassium-sparing diuretics?

A: The medicines that elevate urination  without loss of potassium ion are defined as Potassium-sparing…

Q: Which of the following is not reabsorbed at al?

A: The process by which the nephron eliminates water and solutes from the tubular fluid (pre-urine) and…

Q: select item number from (A) to match (B А A 1 GFR marker Metabolic acidosis 2 Carbonic anhydrase…

A: Buffers are solutions of a weak acid and its conjugate salt that can reset any change in pH of the…

Q: Explain why an individual secretes less urine on a hot and humid day even though they are consuming…

A: Introduction :- Urine is a liquid waste product of human and other animal metabolism. Urine travels…

Q: If we denote directly proportional with "D" and inversely proportional with "I", the best answer for…

A: The pH of urine may range between 4.5 to 8, depending on the acid-base status of a person. The urine…

Q: State the two methods of intrinsic control used to regulate GFR. Choose one of the methods and…

A: The "kidneys" are remarkably skilled at controlling blood flow rate across a wide range of blood…

Q: xplain the mechanism of bicarbonate reabsorption

A: Kidneys are two bean-shaped organs located right below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine,…

Q: Describe the forces that determine the magnitude of the GFR.What is the normal value of GFR?

A: BASIC INFORMATION  KIDNEY It is a paired organ present in our body. It helps the body to get rid of…

Q: explain the role of ADH in water reabsorption?

A: Hormones are chemical messengers and help in the growth and development of organisms. The different…

Q: What is the process that occurs when all of the filtered bicarbonate has been reabsorbed?

A: This process occur in the kidneys.

Q: Name the hormone that increase reabsorption of water in the kidneys.

A: The kidneys regulate water and salt balance in the body. Hormones are proteins that play vital roles…

Q: What is the main direct cause of the decreased GFR?

A: Glomerular filtration rate is a measure of kidney function and used to identify the kidney disease.

Q: When blood starts to become too acidic, the kidneys respond by a.) decreasing filtration rate and…

A: Since we only answer 1 question in case of multiple question, we’ll answer the first question as the…

Q: What is a normal value of GFR?

A: To answer this question we should have knowledge of physiology and biochemistry.

Q: Explain the relationship of the following to renal secretion and excretion of hydrogen ions: (a)…

A: Kidneys are two bean-shaped organs. They are situated just below the rib cage, one on each side of…

Q: Give the formula for net filtration pressure.

A: Blood filtering mainly depends upon three main pressure in the glomerulus. One pressure allows…

Q: Suppose a tumor is pressing on and obstructing the right ureter. What effect might this have on CHP…

A: Different body organs work in a coordinated manner to maintain optimum body functioning. The…

Q: Explain what happens to Na+ concentration in thenephron when GFR increases.

A: The filtration membrane plays a role in blocking the filtration of large and medium protein…

Q: What two quantities make up “H1 excretion”? Why can this term beequated with “contribution of new…

A: Plasma is a clear, straw-colored liquid portion of the blood that is devoid of red blood cells,…

Q: Explain why GFR cannot be determined by measuring theamount of NaCl in the urine.

A: Glomerular filtration rate or GFR can be defined as the amount of blood that passes through the…

Q: What are the forces responsible for Net Filtration Pressure?

A:

Q: Explain the autoregulatory mechanism of GFR.

A: GFR stands for Glomerular Filtration Rate. It is a measure of the amount of the blood that passes…

Q: In which of the following circumstances the GFR is NOT changed?

A: GFR is abbreviated as Glomerulus filtrate rate

Q: The collecting duct reabsorption of Na+ causes?

A: Nephrons are the structural and functional units of kidney and are responsible for the formation of…

Q: Give the factors affecting the volume of urine in normal physiological condition. How does each…

A: There are 3 major steps in urine formation; filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. During…

Q: Describe the mechanisms for gain or loss of acids. Also describe the renal mechanisms for…

A: The excretory system is a system that is found in the human body. This system's job is to eliminate…

Q: how is bicarbonate reabsorbed in the proximal tubule? explainthe role of Na+/H+ antiporter.

A: The proximal tubule:In kidneys, it is a segment of the nephron. It starts from the Bowman's capsule…

Q: Does her low GFR indicate that too much filtrate, or too little filtrate, is being formed at her…

A: The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a measure of kidney function. GRF explains the total…

Q: Why is edema present in individuals with nephrotic syndrome?

A: Introduction  Pressure plays an important role in sustaining the normal physiology of the body.…

Q: How do diuretics work to reduce excess fluid in the body?  Describe the mechanisms of action for…

A: Diuretics (water pills) are medications used to lower blood pressure in patients with hypertension.…

Q: Calculate the patient’s output during your 12-hour shift in oz. 600 cc of urine at 0700 2 oz of…

A: The output of a patient is calculated by adding in all the sources of fluid loss for the shift and…

Q: Can you explain what happens to Na+ concentration in the nephron when GFR increases?

A: GFR ( glomerular filtration  rate) is the  volume of the glomerular filtrate formed each minute in…

Q: Explain why not reabsorbing bicarbonate (HCO3-) and Glucose lead to acidosis and polyuria…

A: Acid-base equilibrium: Acid-base equilibrium alludes to the instruments the body uses to keep its…

Q: Describe “third-spacing” and what effect it has on fluid balance in the ECF, ISF, and ICF

A: Third spacing takes place when the excessive fluid passes from blood vessels to the interstitial…

Immune Disorders

The collaboration between the cells and proteins that work together as a defense system against infection comprises the immune system.Each of them performs a variety of tasks to recognize and/or react against a foreign body.