Explain the concept of partial molar volume, and justify the remark that for a binary solution, the partial molar volume of one component depends on the properties of the other component.
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Explain the concept of partial molar volume, and justify the remark that for a binary solution,
the partial molar volume of one component depends on the properties of the other
component.
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- Derive the relationship between relative lowering of vapour pressure and molar mass of the solute.Explain the origin of colligative properties.The vapour pressures of benzene and methylbenzene at 20 °C are 75 Torr and 21 Torr, respectively. What is the composition of the vapour in equilibrium with a mixture in which the mole fraction of benzene is 0.75?
- Formulate the relationship between elevation of boiling point and lowering of vapour pressure and hence show how molar mass of a solute can be determined from it.The osmotic pressu re of an aqueous solution of urea at 300 K is 150 kPa. Calculate the freezing point of the same solution.Explain the origin of osmosis in terms of the thermodynamic and molecular properties of a mixture.
- A solution is prepared by dissolving 2.33 g of C60 (buckminsterfullerene)in 100.0 g of toluene (methylbenzene). Given that the vapour pressure of pure toluene is 5.00 kPa at 30 °c, what is the vapour pressure of toluene in the solution?Suppose that in a phase diagram, when the sample was prepared with the mole fraction of component A equal to 0.40 it was found that the compositions of the two phases in equilibrium corresponded to the mole fractions xA,α = 0.60 and xA,β = 0.20. What is the ratio of amounts of the two phases?25.124 g of a non-volatile solute is dissolved in 355.0 g of water.The solute does not react with water nor dissociate in solution.Assume that the resulting solution displays ideal Raoult's law behaviour.At 25°C the vapour pressure of the solution is 23.405 torr.The vapour pressure of pure water at 25°C is 23.756 torr.Calculate the molar mass of the solute (g/mol). Now suppose, instead, that 25.124 g of a volatile solute is dissolved in 355.0 g of water.This solute also does not react with water nor dissociate in solution.The pure solute displays, at 25°C, a vapour pressure of 2.376 torr.Again, assume an ideal solution.If, at 25°C the vapour pressure of this solution is also 23.405 torr.Calculate the molar mass of this volatile solute.
- Describe Kohlarausch's law in mathematical terms and explain how to calculate the neural molar conductivity of a series of electrolyte solutions with known concentrations and molar conductivity.There is a system in which solid colloids (density = 2.5 g/cm^3) with a particle diameter of 300 nm are dispersed in water. In this system, what is the main role of colloidal particles, sedimentation or diffusion?(Please answer both) A binary solution of A and B with xA = 0.6589 has a boiling point of 88 °C. At this temperature the vapour pressures of A and B are 127.6 kPa and 50.60 kPa, respectively. Is the solution ideal? What is the composition of the vapour (in terms of yA) above the solution?