Explain the rationale behind the use of the “bag of worms” phenotype as a way to identify heterochronic mutations.

Q: What would be the consequence of the mismatch repair system lacking the methylating enzyme?

A: There are several DNA repair pathways. Mismatch repair system is one of them. During DNA synthesis,…

Q: Illustrate and give the normal sequence and the mutated sequence in Leigh's syndrome

A: A disease is a state of unhealthiness of the physical body, mind and social interaction. A disease…

Q: Define mis-sense mutation and non-sense mutation.

A: Changes or alteration in DNA  that results in some altered expression is known as mutation.

Q: Construct a table, concept map, or picture to summarize how base analogues, DNA-modifying agents,…

A: Table of mutations induced by base analogue ,intercalary agents and DNA modifying agents --…

Q: Why might exome sequencing fail to identify a diseasecausing mutation in an affected person?

A: Exome sequencing can only detect variants in the coding region of genes that have an impact on…

Q: Explain Synthetic Lethal Mutations.

A: The mutation is caused due to alteration occurred in the gene sequence due to either environmental…

Q: Distinguish between point and frameshift mutations.

A: Mutation is any heritable change in the genetic makeup of an individual. It is a sudden change of a…

Q: Explain Deletion-insertion polymorphisms (DIPs)?

A: DIPs or Deletion-Insertion polymorphisms is defined as a large number of consistent genetic variants…

Q: Explain the basic techniques used to manipulate genetic material

A: Genetic Material:         A cell or an organism comprises information carrier materials found in the…

Q: Describe how Ames Test works to identify carcinogenic using back mutations (reversible)

A: The Ames test is a widely employed method that uses bacteria to test whether a given chemical can…

Q: Explain the central dogma of genetics at the molecular level.

A: In literal sense, dogma refers to a definite set of principles or processes. Central dogma refers to…

Q: Explain the difference between gene modification and gene addition. Are the following examples of…

A: Difference between gene modification and gene addition: Gene addition: Gene addition means the…

Q: How to identify all the somatic mutationswithin tumors ?

A: A somatic mutation is a modification within the desoxyribonucleic acid sequence of a somatic cell of…

Q: Outline how mutations arise by depurination, deamination, and tautomeric shifts.

A: The mutation is the sudden and stable change within an organism. It can be due to environmental…

Q: Explain different types of point mutations with specific examples and coding sequences.

A: Mutations are the alterations or the changes that occur in the DNA. Mutagens are the agents that are…

Q: Provide one example of a clinical implication of a “silent mutation” that has proven to have an…

A: Natural selection is an evolutionary mechanism and organisms that are more environmentally suited…

Q: Explain the expression vectors ?

A: Introduction A vector is a DNA molecule that is used in molecular cloning to intentionally transport…

Q: Describe four types of point mutations: transitions,transversions, deletions, and insertions.

A: A rapid change in the sequence of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) due to physical or chemical factors is…

Q: Briefly answer the question: Exome sequencing to identify a mutation that could cause a particular…

A: Primary findings are the testing results which are obtained and provide required information about…

Q: Explain Null (amorphic) and leaky mutations (hypomorphic), hypermorphic and neomorphic mutations

A: Mutations (changes in a gene sequence) can result in mutant alleles that no longer produce the same…

Q: describe Deletion-insertion polymorphisms (DIPs)

A: Polymorphism: Many forms of a allele is termed as polymorphism. The polymorphism leads to the…

Q: Describe the process of positional cloning and how itallows mapping of disease-causing mutations.

A: Positional cloning is a technique used in laboratories for locating the position of…

Q: Please explain the different type of mutations and how do they  occur?

A: Mutation is change taking place in sequence of DNA which can occur either because of mistake during…

Q: Basic features of the central dogma of molecular genetics is

A: DNA is a molecule made up of two polynucleotide chains that form a double helix and carry genetic…

Q: What are the chances of occurence of amorphic mutation?

A: Mutations are defined as the change in the sequence of DNA of an organism due to any environmental…

Q: What is the Central Dogma of Molecular Genetics? What impact did the discovery of RNA tumor viruses…

A: The Central Dogma was first proposed in 1958 by Francis Crick. He was also the discoverer of the…

Q: What is a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)? How are SNPs used in genomic studies?

A: Single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs) are a type of polymorphism that involves a single base pair…

Q: What detection method could be used to determine the Mutation at a palindromic site and what results…

A: A palindromic sequence of nucleotide occurs when complementary strands of DNA read the same in both…

Q: Discuss the changes in chromosomes that contribute to the mutations tabulated in Table above

A: A mutation is a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA that occurs suddenly and permanently. It…

Q: Name the two types of mutagens, give an example for each, and briefly describe how they cause…

A: Mutation is any change in the DNA that results in abnormal behaviour of the DNA. There can be…

Q: Provide one example of a clinical implication of a “silent mutation” that proven to have an effect…

A: Answer: SILENT MUTATIONS  are the mutations in the DNA that do not have an observable effect on the…

Q: Explain how the fluctuation test and replica plating haveshown that mutations arise randomly…

A: Mutation is defined as a change or alteration in the nucleotide sequence which in turn alters the…

Q: how many methods for detecting point mutations?

A: A single base pair is changed in a point mutation. Point mutations can also have three different…

Q: Compare replicative transposition and conservative transposition by constructing a 3D model showing…

A: transposable elements (Also named as jumping jeans; insertion sequences and mobile DNA elements) .…

Q: What are the chances of occurrence of hypomorphic mutation?

A: Mutation is defined as the sudden inheritable change that occurs in the DNA sequence.  It is caused…

Q: Explain how mutations were used to verify the geneticcode.

A: Genetic code is defined as a set of rules that decodes the information from DNA into a protein. A…

Q: Define and compare the outcomes of the following types of nucleotide substitutions, insertion or…

A: Mutations are changes that occurs in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence, either due to…

Q: Cystic fibrosis can arise from a rare, short, in-frame deletion within the CFTR gene, which creates…

A: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disease that inherits and affects the lungs, digestive system, and other…

Q: According to the double-strand break model, does gene conversionnecessarily involve DNA mismatch…

A: Gene Conversion means a modification or conversion of one or two alleles of a gene by the other,…

Q: Discuss the consequences of a germ-line versus a somatic mutation.

A: Mutations are changes in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence, which can be inherited by future…

Q: Illustrate the set of primers specific for the gene of interest ?

A: Gene specific primers bind to the DNA inside the cell, while vector specific primers attach to the…

Q: single gene mutation

A: Introduction : Variations (or mutations) in the DNA sequence of a particular gene are what's…

Q: Can a harmful mutation-causing genetic disease exist from generation to generation without…

A: Genes are DNA pieces or fragments borne on the chromosomes that decide particular human traits, such…

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.