Explain the relationship between output and income for both an individual and an entire economy.

a. Consider an economy which produces and sells, among a host of other things, 100 million T‑shirts a year. The average T‑shirt begins life when a farmer plants seeds she put away last year, waters them, and harvests the cotton, then sells the cotton to a mill for $0.75, which sells the fabric to a T‑shirt factory for $1.50, which sells its T‑shirts to a wholesaler for $5, who sells it to Nordstrom for $10, which finally sells it to you for $17. Determine the impact of T‑shirts on annual GDP by calculating the value added of the entire production process. b. Now, calculate the amount spent on T‑shirts in a year if 100 million T‑shirts are sold, each for $17. How does this compare to the amount calculated through the value‑added method?

Suppose the information in the following table is for a simple economy that produces only the following four goods: shoes, hamburgers, shirts, and cotton. Further, assume that all of the cotton is used to produce shirts. 2020 Statistics 2021 Statistics Quantity 2012 Statistics Product Quantity Price Quantity Price Price $50.00 $65.00 Shoes Hamburgers Shirts Cotton $60.00 2.00 90 100 100 100 75 2.00 30.00 0.09 120 2.25 50 50 25.00 65 25.00 11,000 10,000 0.08 11,000 0.07 a. If the base year is the year 2012, then real GDP for 2020 equals $ 6700 (round your answer to the nearest penny) and the real GDP for 2021 equals $ (round your answer to the nearest penny).