Explain what changes occur in the bioreactor in the phases marked 1, 2, and 3 in the following diagram.

Q: Define the following terms. (i) Rate constant (k) (ii) Activation energy ( Ea)

A: Enzymes are proteins that have the ability to speed up a reaction by acting upon molecules called…

Q: Describe several general ways that Ab-Ag reactions are detected.

A: Antigens are the protein molecules capable of inducing an immune response. Antibodies…

Q: What are the steps involved in a Redox reaction that is catalyzed by a dehydrogenase enzyme?

A: Answer

Q: Show that the half-life for a first-order reaction is inversely proportional tothe rate constant,…

A: First-order reaction is the reaction that depends on the concentration of only one reactant.

Q: Can you explain in detail why do cells use general acid catalysis and not specific acid catalysis?

A: Cellular metabolism involves many pathways like glycolysis, Krebs cycle, lipolysis and energy…

Q: Write the enzyme equation for catalase and hydrogen peroxide.

A: An enzyme is a biological catalyst that brings about a reaction where reactants are used up and…

Q: To determine: The special properties that an enzyme isolated from a psychrophilic bacterium will…

A: Psychrophillic bacteria are organisms capable of existing at a far lower temperature than usual,…

Q: Draw a diagram showing the metabolism of purines to uric acid in humans; write the key enzymes in…

A: Catabolism is a type of metabolic pathway that involves the breaking down of larger complex…

Q: A solid forms in the calcium hydroxide trap during the fermentation. What is the solid? Write a…

A: Calcium hydroxide is also known as lime water. It is colorless or white powder produced by the…

Q: reaction performed at basic (alkaline) pH - Does this indicate higher proton concentration or higher…

A: Alkaline phosphatase is a membrane bound enzyme. It is placed in the category of hydrolase.The body…

Q: Explain why the proton gradient formed during chemiosmosis represents a state of low entropy

A: Chemiosmosis is the process by which cells produce ATP for energy.  ATP synthase is used in this…

Q: Write one controlling rate limiting enzyme from any pathway or cycle and clarify the following:

A: Glycolysis is a series of reactions that break down glucose into two three-carbon molecules known as…

Q: Explain the 10 Glycolysis Steps.

A: Glycolysis is the process of splitting a glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules. It is also…

Q: . The following diagram shows the biosynthesis of B12 coenzymes, starting with the vitamin. DMB is…

A: Hello. Since your question has multiple sub-parts, we will solve the first three sub-parts for you.…

Q: Distinguish between an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent

A: Oxidizing agent and reducing agent are chemical compounds involved in redox reactions. They are the…

Q: From the active site diagram below, please indicate the cofactor from the indicated components. HO 4…

A: Cofactors are the non protein molecules that help the enzyme to carry out catalysis. Enzymes without…

Q: Define the following terms: a. turnover b. cyt P450 c. detoxication d. detoxification e. epoxide

A: Enzyme is a biological molecule that catalyzes a biochemical reaction and increases the rate of…

Q: Which curve represents the spontaneous reaction, and which the nonspontaneous?

A: Gibbs Free energy is the energy that was available to do work under constant temperature and…

Q: Label the following equation. The parentheses represent the choices for each label (A-D). A.…

A: This is the equation of cellular Respiration. Cellular respiration is the process in which sugar is…

Q: What are four benefits of anaerobic glycolysis in tumor cells?…

A: Glycolysis is the process of conversion of glucose into pyruvate, with the production of ATP. It can…

Q: In considering the rate of reaction for urea conversion, the enzyme is______, the substrate is______…

A: The rate of reaction can be defined as the speed at which reactants are changed into products. For…

Q: If you want to produce a sweet-tasting wine with low alcohol content, explain how you might attempt…

A: Production of wines starts with harvesting of grapes at the right moment.  Picking of the grapes…

Q: Write the full names of dUMP, UMP, CDP, AMP, and ATP.

A: The given molecules are the components of the nucleotides.

Q: is the type of enzyme specificity exhibited by hydrolysis of urea using urease

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first three questions for you. If you…

Q: Give examples of preventive antioxidants and chain blocking antioxidants.

A: Antioxidants are compound that play many vital role in the body like prevention of cell damage and…

Q: Explain why the P/O ratio for a given substrate is not necessarily an integer.

A: The phosphate/oxygen ratio, or P/O ratio, correlates to the quantity of ATP created by the motion of…

Q: Choose one antioxidant mineral and describe its mechanism of action.

A: Antioxidants are found in some foods and can prevent some of the damage caused by free radicals by…

Q: Explain why catalase activity is lower at: i. Low temperature ii. High temperature

A: Catalase is an important enzyme present in all aerobic organisms requiring oxygen for survival. It…

Q: Consider the following endothermic reaction at equilibrium: H2(g)   +   Zn2+(aq)   ⇌   Zn(s)   +…

A: The equilibrium law is also known as Le-Chateliers's principle. This law states that when an…

Q: C. Describe the effect that each of the following changes would have on the rate of a biochemical…

A: Enzymes are proteins molecules that increase the rate of a biochemical reaction. Enzymes have an…

Q: Suggest a reason for carrying out enzymatic reactions in buffer solutions.

A: It is very important that the pH of the reaction mixture is maintained at its optimum value…

Q: In considering the rate of reaction for urea conversion, the enzyme is  ____________ the substrate…

A: The question asks to determine the fill up type:In considering the rate of reaction for urea…

Q: Given the active site diagram below, identify the acidic residue from the indicated components.

A: Amino acids are basic unit for any protein or polypeptide chain. It consist of -COOH, -NH2, side…

Q: Using Le Châtelier’s principle, identify three ways you might increase the production of ammonia.

A: Le Chatelier's principle helps to predict what a change in temperature, concentration or pressure…

Q: Define the following, and clarify the differences between them  A) Fermentation B) Aerobic…

A: Aerobic Respiration is the process of cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen gas…

Q: In considering the rate of reaction for urea conversion, the enzyme is _____ , the substrate is…

A: The rate of reaction- it is defined as the pace at which reactants are changed into products. For…

Q: Define the following terms: a. coenzyme A b. TPP c. lipoic acid d. PDHC e. PDK1

A: Since you have posted a question with multiple subparts, we have been instructed to answer the first…

Q: Explain the term of protonema?

A: A wide variety of plants is observed in nature. To make their study simpler they have been…

Q: Using four examples, describe the relationship between enzyme characteristics and the choice of…

A: Enzyme immobilization is the attachment of an enzyme to a stationary phase or matrix. Inert polymers…

Q: What exergonic reaction is catalyzed by redox enzymes called dehydrogenase?

A: An exergonic reaction is one in which the energty level of the products is lower than the energy…

Q: An experiment was conducted with 100 volunteers and the following data was collected. Туре of acid…

A: Lactic acid is produced when there is anaerobic respiration is the muscles seen in activities which…

Q: Label the following equation. The parentheses represent the choices for each label (A-D). A.…

A: Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants synthesise their food from air,water sunlight…

Q: What role does SDS, isopropanol, 70% ethanol, lysis solution and precipitating solution play and…

A: DNA extraction is a procedure used to isolate DNA from the nucleus of cells.  When an ice-cold…

Q: (i)Define initial velocity (ii) Describe how you would calculate initial velocity from a graph of…

A: Biochemical and chemical kinetics primarily aims at deciphering the rate (i.e. velocity) at which a…

Q: Identify how many glucose molecules will be produced from the amount of 15 G3Ps. (with solution)

A: Introduction : Calvin Cycle : Carbon Fixation, Reduction, And Regeneration Of The Starting Molecule…

Nitrogen metabolism

Nitrogen metabolism is the synthesis, utilization or uptake, breakdown, and excretion of nitrogenous compounds in the body. The nitrogen metabolism encompasses nitrogen fixation, biosynthesis, and the breakdown of amino acids, purines, and pyrimidine. Since nitrogen-containing compounds are required for various life processes, nitrogen is an important element of life.