Define the following terms: a. turnover b. cyt P450 c. detoxication d. detoxification e. epoxide

Q: Which of the following pairs is mismatched? a. catalase: hydrogen peroxide production b.…

A: Answer solved.

Q: Give the schematic representation of an overall view of Krebs’ cycle.

A: The Krebs cycle is also known as the citric acid cycle. It is a chain of chemical reactions takes…

Q: What is kreb cycle

A: Introduction: The series of chemical reactions that occurs inside the living body for the formation…

Q: What metabolic process creates the rotten-egg smell characteristic of many anaerobic environments?

A: Hydrogen sulfide gas has the chemical formula H2S and possesses a characteristic rotten eggs smell.…

Q: UV light is able to damage bacterial cells by:a. preventing mitosis b. damaging DNA c. dissolving…

A: UV stands for Ultraviolet rays. These rays kill bacterial cells.

Q: Define and differentiate the following terms: a.Halophilic , b.Capnophilic, and  c.Microaerophilic

A:

Q: Which of the following antimicrobic modes of action would be the most selectively toxic?   A.…

A: Antibiotics are the medicines which are used to cure infections which are caused by bacteria. These…

Q: Describe the modifications that result in resistance to heat, chemicals and radiation in bacteria

A: Ans- Bacteria are diverse organisms found everywhere on the earth in extreme conditions. One such…

Q: Define about the Cytochrome P450 in detoxification.

A: Cytochrome P450 or CYP450 is a superfamily of heme enzymes. They are primarily found in the liver…

Q: Compare and contrast induction and activation of xenobotics metabolizing enzymes (XMEs)

A: Chemicals found in organisms or environments but not produced are called xenobiotics. When some…

Q: How does tuberculosis pathogen deal with the toxic effect of oxygen? (Check information from lecture…

A: Tuberculosis is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an…

Q: How does tuberculosis pathogen deal with the toxic effect of oxygen? since toxic forms of oxygen…

A: Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common cause of death globally, caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium…

Q: List the pathways used by microbes to fix CO2, noting the types of organisms (eukaryotes, bacteria,…

A: Carbon fixation is a type of assimilation process in which inorganic carbon is converted into…

Q: Name ONE glycopeptide and state what this glycopeptide binds to within a named bacterium and how…

A: Glycopeptide are a class of drug of microbial origin that are composed of glycosylated cyclic or…

Q: Define the following terms: a. obligate anaerobe b. aerotolerant anaerobe c. facultative anaerobe d.…

A: The organisms can be classified on the basis of their mode of respiration as aerobic, anaerobic,…

Q: smad pathway

A: SMADs acts as the substrates of TβRI kinase and involves in the intracellular TGF-β  signalling.…

Q: Which antibiotic affects cell wall synthesis?a)streptomycin b) erythromycin c) tetracycline…

A: Antibiotics are a form of antimicrobial drugs that fight against disease-causing pathogenic…

Q: placing bacteria at ultracold temperatures is as effective at killing microbes as the use of dry…

A: true

Q: During plasmolysis, the volume of water will_________. During lysis, the volume of water will…

A: Ans: Plasmolysis: It is the process where cells tend to lose water when they are kept in hypertonic…

Q: Based on Figure 2, which of the following best supports the claim that drug X inhibits oxygen…

A: Cancer is an uncontrolled division of cell that has a defunct apoptosis mechanism. Usually, when…

Q: How do you think a bacterial cell would respond if it was treated with the antibiotic vancomycin…

A: Antibiotics are chemicals that stop or slow down microbial growth.

Q: Name the site where detoxification of xenobiotic compounds takes place?

A: Introduction :- The organelle endoplasmic reticulum, present in almost all eukaryotic cells is an…

Q: Pasteurization is a technique that uses temperatures of about 72°C to neutralize potential pathogens…

A: The process of pasteurization involves heating food at a particular temperature for a specific…

Q: During plasmolysis, the volume of water will__________. During lysis, the volume of water…

A: Water is the most abundant substance present in a cell. It constitutes almost 70% of the cell mass.…

Q: One difference between synport and antiport is that A. only antiport requires energy. B. only…

A: Symport and antiport are different types pf transporter protein.

Q: What is meant by recalcitrance in microbiology? Give an example

A: Now a days environmental pollution is one of the major issue  and it  is defined as any undesirable…

Q: Because elemental poisons, such as heavy metals, cannot be furtherdegraded even by microbes, what is…

A: Biological degradation is a process that results in the decay of complex substances into simpler…

Q: Which of the following statements about toxicant inhibition of cellular pathways is true? Select all…

A: Inhibiting ATP synthesis is among the most serious forms of pathogenesis. Most of the toxins, when…

Q: Give an example of a chemicals or drugs that is converted to an active metabolite by sulfonation;…

A: Sulphonation is a reaction by which a sulphonic group(SO3H) is introduced into the organic compound.…

Q: Contrast an aerotolerant and an obligate anaerobe in terms of sensitivity to O2 and ability to grow…

A: Introduction  Thioglycolate broth is the medium which is used to test the aerotolerance of the…

Q: What is the effect of treatment of CER cells with chloroquine? Explain.

A: General Concepts Clinical Manifestations Rabies virus causes acute infection of the central nervous…

Q: Does a compensatory pause always follow a PVC? Explain.

A: The most prevalent cause of abnormal heart rhythms is premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). The…

Q: What do you mean by obligate anaerobes? Give some examples.

A: Microorganism is a microscopic organism, which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony of…

Q: Which of the following BEST describes an agent that is bacteriostatic? A) It suspends bacterial…

A: Correct answer is D

Q: Why is oxygen toxic to some bacteria?

A: every bacteria has its optimum condition

Q: Why does hydrogen peroxide are most effective against probiotics?

A: Hydrogen peroxide is a peroxide. It acts as an oxidizing agent

Q: what is the mechanism of action for penicillins? a. injury to plasma membrane b. inbibition of…

A: Penicillin  This antibiotic belongs to a group of antibiotics that are obtained from Penicillium…

Q: A bacterium that produces an extracellular enzyme may:  a. cause a boil      b. resist an…

A: Extracellular enzymes are an exoenzyme which is secreted by bacteria and functions outside that…

Q: Why do chemotrophs have to use oxygen?  The definition of chemotrophs is = organisms that gain…

A:

Q: e statements are given below, which will best describe why antimicrobial drugs that affect cell wall…

A: The family of medications used to treat a microbiological illness is known as antimicrobials. They…

Q: Which of the following takes the LONGEST to kill a live culture of vegetative bacterial cells?   a)…

A: A "microbe" is a living entity that is so tiny that it cannot be seen with the naked eye.…

Q: Superoxide ion is toxic to strict anaerobes because they lacka. catalase b. peroxidase c. dismutase…

A: A superoxide basically is a compound that do contain the superoxide ion, having  the chemical…

Q: Is anaerobic bacteria dangerous?

A: Anaerobic bacteria refer to those bacteria that can survive and grow without oxygen. These bacteria…

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.