Explain what pore-forming toxins are. Give an example of one and why this is medically important.

Q: Each of the following is a function of membranes except defining cell and organelle boundaries.…

A: Introduction :- A membrane is a selective barrier; it lets some items pass but prevents others from…

Q: a) What is the best estimate (mean age), in millions of years, for the divergence of the clade…

A: A clade is a group of organisms that shared a recent common ancestor.

Q: If a stain cannot be removed from an objective using a lens-cleaning paper, what further measure can…

A: When an objective or other component is left exposed on a bench for even a brief time, such…

Q: The rough trans cis Golgi is the first to receive proteins from the rough ER. smooth medial

A: Introduction :- Ribosomes, which are tiny, elongated organelles with a round shape, are found on the…

Q: How do the hyoid muscles change during the evolution of vertebrate classes?

A: Darwin's theory states that the features of living organisms change from generation to generation…

Q: The drug chloral hydrate prevents elongation of microtubules by preventing the addition of new…

A: Chloral hydrate is a drug that is categorized under hypnotic which induces sleep. Generally, it is…

Q: If radioactive 32P were added to the growth medium of cells, which of these would incorporate the O…

A: Radiolabeling is the incorporation of a radioactive isotope into a molecule in order to study its…

Q: Question 4

A: 4. The wild type     Lys-ser-Pro-Ser-Leu-Asn-Ala-Ala-Lys The double mutant…

Q: 3.4 L = ml

A: Introduction The metric system is an internationally agreed-upon measurement system supported by…

Q: The correct order of events in the cycle of the synaptic vesicle approximate a) recycling reserve…

A: Synaptic vesicles are vesicles having neurotransmitters and gets released at synapse to transmit…

Q: Caleb has a double row of eyelashes, which he inherited from his mother as a dominant trait.  His…

A: Alleles are the alternative forms of a gene that are located on the same locus of a homologous…

Q: What is the Anthropocene and how does it differ from the Holocene?

A: Anthropocene is a geological epoch, in the quarternary period characterised as the time period in…

Q: Is cleaning plastic from the gyre is worth the risk to marine life?  How do you collect small…

A: Plastic is one of the major components responsible for polluting the marine ecosystem. Among the…

Q: How would you answer part c and d?

A: c). In the phylogenetic divergence of the bear through the epoch clade, polar bear and brown bear…

Q: Another couple is concerned their child will be born with sickle cell anemia.  The woman does not…

A: Introduction: A mutant form of haemoglobin, known as haemoglobin S, is the root cause of the…

Q: Q02: G-protein coupled receptors have ion channel domains that allow the passage of ions across the…

A: "Ligand interaction with the receptor opens the gates, enabling specific ions to pass through the…

Q: In a fixed population, no new member can be added; hence it decreases in size due to deaths or…

A: Population means, all the organisms of a particular species living or present in a particular area.…

Q: Girdling is a process by which

A: Girdling refers to the complete removal of bark. The xylem and phloem are two circulatory tissues…

Q: 4. What are the genotypes of the pea plants that would have to be bred to yield one plant with…

A: Introduction :- The genetic make-up of a single cell or organism, known as its genotype, affects or…

Q: Describe what happens to digestion and absorption in cases of severe undernutrition.

A: Severe under nutrition causes impairment in the digestive system and there by in digestion and…

Q: Calculate the volume (in µL) of DNA template required to add 60.0 ng to a 40.0 µL PCR if the DNA…

A: The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a powerful tool for amplifying specific DNA sequences. It can…

Q: Why do we need to amplify the DNA at all in order to visualize it in a gel?

A: PCR (polymerase chain reaction ) is a widely used technique to amplify DNA while Gel electrophoresis…

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Q: How do the branchiomeric muscles change during the evolution of vertebrate  classes?

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Q: Discuss the Red Queen hypothesis.

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Q: How do DNA primers work? What are they actually doing that enable us to use them as a tool in…

A: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the method used in molecular biology to amplify a single DNA…

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Q: Under the microscope, the fluorescent signal from an isolated quantum point will form a stain:…

A: B. Much smaller than a fluorescent protein, regardless of colour

Q: Which area of the brain is responsible for vomiting? Is it the medulla of the brain stem?

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Q: Use the table below to answer the question being asked: Protein Ovalbumin Insulin Fibrinogen…

A: Isoelectric focusing is a method which me use to separate protein on the basis of their pH however…

Q: Are Punnett squares used to map out exactly what Gene outcomes you will get

A: Introduction Gene is defined as a basic functional unit of heredity. A gene is expressed in two…

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A: Amino acids are structural unit of protein which are produced during translation.  Many amino acid…

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A: One of the most used techniques for quantitatively estimating gene expression is qRT-PCR, often…

Q: In a rare condition in which the immediate release of neurotransmitter is affected, a mutation in…

A: Ans: Neurotransmitters are the chemical messanger that released at the nerve endings and diffuse the…

Q: What pathway(s) via which that ion could be taken by plant roots?_____________ A. Apoplast B.…

A: Introduction  The majority of plants obtain the water and nutrients they require from their roots.…

Q: What is the fraction of light emitted by a fluorophore that will be transferred to the detector?…

A: Ans: Fluorophore or fluorochrome is very similar to chromophore. It is a chemical compound which has…

Q: How can a geneticist find and map quantitative trait loci (QTLs)? By dividing the covariance by the…

A: A quantitative trait locus (QTL) is the location on a chromosome that is associated with a…

Q: A diploid cell has 15 picograms of DNA in G₁ phase. If this cell is a germ line cell that undergoes…

A: A diploid cell has 15 picograms of DNA in G1 phase. If this cell is a germline cell that undergoes…

Q: fate of the coracoids and clavicle in the tetrapod pectoral girdle?

A:

Q: a) Please predict the results from the DNA gel for both samples 1 and 2 by drawing the bands in the…

A: In both the samples, there are 2 bands of lengths 4000nt and 500 nt. Because in type 2 intron…

Q: How can you tell that the transport of the same ion is by one or two different transport proteins?

A: A transmembrane protein known as a transporter performs a variety of biological functions, like…

Q: why is the tube passed through the flame after removing and before replacing the cap

A: It is a aseptic technique follows during the inoculation of pure culture of microorganism. This…

Q: When the plates are placed inside the incubator, they are only loosely covered without sealing…

A: Introduction :- A device called an incubator is used to cultivate and preserve cell or…

Q: What is the effect that rotating the cuvettes 90° has upon the absorbance values compared to when…

A: Cuvette It refers to the small tube like vessel having straight sides and a square cross-section. It…

Q: Condtions that compress peripheral nerves differentially affect nerve fibres over time, causing loss…

A: This conditions is called as sensorimotor neuropathy. It effects the nerve that responsible for…

Q: In detail explain how C3 plant leaf is different from C4 plant leaf and why, use you overall…

A: C3 plants are those that use the C3 carbon fixation pathway, and the first product of carbon dioxide…

Q: Calculate your BMI and Energy needs using the calculator in instructions. You do not have to include…

A: Body mass index is a value derived from the weight & height of a person. The BMI is defined as…

Reproductive system infection

The biological process through which parents produce new children is called reproduction. A reproductive system is a group of internal and external organs that collaborate to allow males and females to reproduce. Many experts believe that the reproductive system is one of the most important systems in the body due to its crucial function in the survival of the species. Among the body's basic systems, the reproductive tract is the one that differs the most between sexes, and it is also the only one that does not operate until puberty.