a) Is Figure 1 a cladogram, phylogram, or chronogram?b) According to Figure 1, all bears share a common ancestor with what group of mammals?c) What pair of bear species diverged most recently?d) The ancestor of what species of bear diverged the earliest from the ancestor of all other bears? The Cave Bear and the American Giant Short-faced Bear are both extinct. All the other speciesare extant. Plio = Pliocene, Plei = Pleistocene, and Hol = Holocene.Figure 1:t₁MP-MLU-MLp-Bayesian 14.32tx 1977-16581node 95% CI35.7mean age (Ma)Epochs EoceneMa34Oligocene23.8100-100-100-1.00 12.8619.09ta[14.38-24.79]t[9.77-16.58)Miocene100-100-100-1.00100-100-100-1.00 5.390.88t10.66-1.17]ta 14.2-6.861 2.75 polar bearto (2.1-3.57)85-93-93-1.00 5.05ts 13.9-6.48199-97-94-1.00 to 4.0876-94-97-1.00100-100-100-1.00 5.66[3.11-5.27)4.58ta (3.51-5.89)sloth beart10 (4.26-7.34)-brown bear100-100-100-1.00-cave bear-Asianblack bearAmericanblack bear-sun bear-American giantshort-faced bear-spectacledbear-giant pandal-harbor sealGlobal expansion of C4 biomassMajor temperature drop and increasing seasonalityFaunal turnoverPlio Plei Hol5.3 1.8 0.01

a) It is a chronogram because this evolutionary phylogenetic tree is proportional to time scale.…

The Cave Bear and the American Giant Short-faced Bear are both extinct. All the other species are extant. Plio = Pliocene, Plei = Pleistocene, and Hol = Holocene. Figure 1: t₁ MP-MLU-MLp-Bayesian 14.32 t. 1977-16581 node 95% CI 35.7 mean age (Ma) Epochs Eocene Oligocene 100-100-100-1.00 12.86 19.09 ta (14.38-24.79) t [9.77-16.58] Miocene 100-100-100-1.00 5.39 85-93-93-1.00 5.05 100-100-100-1.00 0.88 t10.66-1.17] ta 14.2-6.861 2.75 polar bear to 12.1-3.57) ts 13.9-6.481 99-97-94-1.00 to 4.08 t10 76-94-97-1.00 4.58 100-100-100-1.00 5.66 (3.11-5.27) ta (3.51-5.89) -sloth bear (4.26-7.34) -brown bear 100-100-100-1.00 Plio Plei -cave bear -Asian black bear American black bear -sun bear -American gian short-faced be -spectacled bear -giant panda -harbor seal Global expansion of C4 biomass Major temperature drop and increasing seasonality Faunal turnover Hol

The Cave Bear and the American Giant Short-faced Bear are both extinct. All the other species are extant. Plio = Pliocene, Plei = Pleistocene, and Hol = Holocene. Figure 1: t₁ MP-MLU-MLp-Bayesian 14.32 t. 1977-16581 node 95% CI 35.7 mean age (Ma) Epochs Eocene Oligocene 100-100-100-1.00 12.86 19.09 ta (14.38-24.79) t [9.77-16.58] Miocene 100-100-100-1.00 5.39 85-93-93-1.00 5.05 100-100-100-1.00 0.88 t10.66-1.17] ta 14.2-6.861 2.75 polar bear to 12.1-3.57) ts 13.9-6.481 99-97-94-1.00 to 4.08 t10 76-94-97-1.00 4.58 100-100-100-1.00 5.66 (3.11-5.27) ta (3.51-5.89) -sloth bear (4.26-7.34) -brown bear 100-100-100-1.00 Plio Plei -cave bear -Asian black bear American black bear -sun bear -American gian short-faced be -spectacled bear -giant panda -harbor seal Global expansion of C4 biomass Major temperature drop and increasing seasonality Faunal turnover Hol

BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+APPL.(LOOSELEAF)

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305967359

Author:STARR

Publisher:STARR

Chapter18: Life's Origin And Early Evolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 15SA: Arrange these events in order of occurrence, with 1 being the earliest and 6 the most recent: ___1...

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