Explain why in case of a fixed exchange rate regime temporary and permanent fiscal policy changes do not have different effects on output and the exchange rate in the short run as they do in case of a floating exchange rate regime.
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- Is a country for which imports and exports comprise a large fraction of the GDP more likely to adopt a flexible exchange rate or a fixed (hard peg) exchange rate?If a countrys currency is expected to appreciate in value, what would you think will be the impact of expected exchange rates on yields (e.g., the Interest rate paid on government bonds) in that country? Hint: Think about how expected exchange rate changes and interest rates affect a currencys demand and supply.Question:The electricity prices and the natural gasprices have increased drastically, 15 percentand 12 percent respectively. The direct effectof these increases on the inflation rate is 0.6percent, and the indirect effect is more than 1percent. Taking into consideration that theproducer price index is over 38 percent.1.Please discuss in detail the effects of theseincreases on the consumer price index,exchange rate and the current account deficit 2. What are the policies that should beimplemented to counterbalance the effects ofthese price increases on the economy?
- Suppose policy makers want to increase output (Y) and increase net exports (NX). Which of the following policies would most likely achieve this?an increase in government spendinga real depreciationan increase in government spending and an increase in the real exchange ratean increase in the real exchange rateWhat is happening to the U.S. real exchange rate ineach of the following situations? Explain.a. The U.S. nominal exchange rate is unchanged,but prices rise faster in the United States thanabroad.b. The U.S. nominal exchange rate is unchanged, butprices rise faster abroad than in the United States.c. The U.S. nominal exchange rate declines, andprices are unchanged in the United States andabroad.d. The U.S. nominal exchange rate declines, andprices rise faster abroad than in the United States.In an open economy under flexible exchange rates where the central bank keeps money supply fixed, a tax cut will cause an increase in which of the following?net exportsthe exchange rate, Eexportsall of the abovenone of the above
- If a country’s currency is expected to appreciatein value, what would you think will be the impact ofexpected exchange rates on yields (e.g., the interest ratepaid on government bonds) in that country? Hint: Thinkabout how expected exchange rate changes and interestrates affect a currency's demand and supplySuppose that a textile workers’ union encouragespeople to buy only American-made clothes.What would this policy do to the trade balance andthe real exchange rate? What is the impact on thetextile industry? What is the impact on the autoindustry?Answer the following questions 1.a. Today many Central Banks around the World are thinking of increasing interestrates. Why? What could be the dangers of increasing those interest rates toomuch?1.b.What will happen to the trade balance and the real exchange rate of a smallopen economy when govemment purchases increase, such as during a war?Does your answer depend on whether this is a local war or a global war? Onthose grounds, In the current situation of the Russian invasion, what shouldhappen between the dollar and the Euro?
- For a given real exchange rate how are a country s For a given real exchange rate, how are a country’s net exports affected by an increase in domestic income? an increase in foreign income? How does an increase in the domestic real interest rate affect the real exchange rate and net exports? Explain. For a given real exchange rate how are a country sIn the Mundell-Flemming model with floating exchange rates, explain whathappens to aggregate income, the exchange rate and the trade balance whentaxes are reduced. Contrast what would happen if exchange rates were fixedrather than floating?(a). Use the DD-AA model to examine the effects of an one-time rise in the foreign price level, P* given that the future exchange rate Ee falls immediately in proportion to P*. If the economy is initially in internal and external balance, will its position be disturbed by such a rise in P*? (b). Use the DD-AA model to compare the domestic economic response under flexible and fixed exchange rate regimes to a temporary rise in export demand from foreign countries.