Explain why it is more efficient for contraction of the ventricles to beginat the apex of the heart than at the base.

Q: Describe the autonomic innervation of the heart.

A: The heart is innervated by sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres from the autonomic branch of the…

Q: Explain the conduction system of the heart. How heart rate is controlled in our body.

A: The conducting system of heart It is made of myocardium that is specialised for initiation and…

Q: Explain why an incompetent valve reduces the efficiencyof the heart contraction.

A: The organ of the mesodermal origin-the heart is primarily accountable for blood pumping. Repeated…

Q: Estimate the ejection fraction of the failing heart at a typical normal end-diastolic volume?

A: Ejection fraction estimation - It is the measurement of the amount of blood pump from left ventricle…

Q: Describe the spread of excitation from the SA node through the restof the heart?

A: In the mammalian heart, the heartbeat originated from the cardiac muscles. The heartbeat originated…

Q: Briefly outline the design of the heart. Why is the heart often called “two pumps in one”?

A: The heart is a muscular organ that is divided into the left and right sides to prevent the mixing of…

Q: Compare action potential of pacemaker and non-pacemaker (working) myocardial cells?

A: Cell can be defined as the basic membrane-bound unit which contains the fundamental molecules of…

Q: Which structure is present in the right ventricle of the sheep's heart but not in the left…

A: The heart is one of the vital organs in the body. The main function of this organ is to pump up the…

Q: Summarize the effects of the autonomic nervous system on the heart.

A: The functioning of heart is controlled by Autonomic nervous system in many ways

Q: Describe the pathway of electrical conduction of the heart, starting with the SA node. How does…

A: In the heart, the contraction of the heart muscle is promoted by the electrical conduction system…

Q: Describe the cardiac center and innervation of the heart.

A: The heart refers to an organ that pumps and provides blood supply to the body via the blood vessels.…

Q: Explain the working of heart.

A: The heart is a muscular organ and is a structure associated with the cardiovascular system.

Q: Describe the causes of the P, QRS, and T waves of an ECG, and indicate at which point in the cardiac…

A: The cardiac cycle represents the event that occurs after the ending of one heartbeat to the start of…

Q: Define each of the following external features of the heart: auricle, coronary sulcus, anterior…

A: The heart is an organ that pumps blood through the arteries. The pumped blood carries oxygen…

Q: Discuss how the SA and AV nodes control the contractionsof the heart muscle, as well as how these…

A: A network of specialized muscle cells is present in the walls of the heart. These muscle cells are…

Q: Explain the absence of peripheral pulses in ventricularfibrillation.

A: In the human circulatory system, the heart is considered the central organ that plays a significant…

Q: Describe the anatomy of movement of the wave of cell depolarization throughout the heart during the…

A: The cardiac cycle:It is comprised of a whole relaxation and contraction of both the atrium and…

Q: Name the sound produced when the atrioventricular valves close the heart.

A: The heart has four chambers through which the blood flows when the cardiac valves open and close…

Q: Describe the cardiac cycle, and explain why heart valves open in onlyone direction.

A: Human heart is the Center for regulating blood across the body. It is made up of cardiac Muscles…

Q: Although not considered the primary pacemaker of the heart, the atrioventricular node can indeed be…

A: Human Heart is a four-chambered, fibro-muscular organ. There are two atria through which the heart…

Q: Describe the location and position of the heart in the thoracic cavity

A: The heart is present in the center of the thoracic cavity, obliquely oriented , with heart apex…

Q: Blood in the heart chambers is separated from the myocardium by a thin membrane called the _____.

A: The correct answer is Endocardium .

Q: why a leaking heart valve may cause heart damage over time?

A: Leaky heart valve can affect any of the four heart valves: 1)Aortic valve ( left ventricle and…

Q: Explain why the SA node normally paces the heart.

A: In human heart, small groups of specialised neuromuscular cells are present within the myocardium.…

Q: Considering the function of the heart, why is it important that the myocardium cannot be tetanized?

A: Tetanized state is a sustained muscle contraction. This happens because muscle’s motor unit is…

Q: Describe the components of the left atrioventricular valve.

A: The heart has four chambers: right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle. The…

Q: Explain the pathway of the conductions system in the Heart

A: The heart is a muscular organ consisting of four chambers. It consists of two upper chambers known…

Q: What is the significance of atrio-ventricular node and atrio-ventricular bundle in the functioning…

A: Introduction Significance of atrioventricular node and atrioventricular bundle in the functioning of…

Q: Explain why the walls of the atria are thinner than those of the ventricles, and why the wall of the…

A: The walls of Artria are thinner than Ventricle because the artria are only receiving chambers…

Q: Describe why a wide pulse pressure would be logical to give a patient with the condition aortic…

A: Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic blood pressure, which is the top number of…

Q: Identify the bundle of His O under the left ventricles O between the right and left ventricles of…

A: "The bundle of His" is an important part of the electrical conduction system of the heart. It…

Q: Explain how the blood volume in the left ventricle changes throughout the cardiac cycle in response…

A: Answer:  CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM : In all multicellular organisms there is a system which transports…

Q: Describe what happens to the chambers of the heart during diastole

A: Heart consists of four chambers to ventricles and two Atria. Diastole and systole are two phases of…

Q: Explain the cardiac conduction cycle as shown on an EKG

A: The electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a recording of the electrical activity of the heart. The…

Q: Provide the alternative terms for the contraction and relaxation of heart chambers.

A: The human heart is the one organ that powers the entire body. Without it we wouldn’t be able to do…

Q: Explain when and how the two sounds of heart are produced?

A: The heart is a muscular organ, which pumps blood throughout the body. It is located in the middle…

Q: Explain in detail how the blood flows through the heart.

A: Heart is also known as Cardia It is the hollow muscular organ responsible for pumping the blood…

Q: What is the significance of atrio-ventricular node and atrio-ventricular bundlein the functioning of…

A: The heart is the most important organ in the body. It is made up of several different types of…

Q: What normally serves as the pacemaker of the entire heart? O Purkinje fiber system O…

A: Introduction: The heart has a specialized cardiac musculature known as nodal tissue (distributed in…

Q: Calculate heart rate by counting the number of Large ecG Squares

A: The number of times a heart beats in a unit of time is called heart rate. Usually, it is measured as…

Q: Identify/describe the four valves of the heart. Describe its functions.

A: The heart:It is blood pumping organ. It consists of four chambers: two upper chambers or atria and…

Q: Describe the functional differences in the effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions…

A: The nervous system is an organ system in the body that can be divided into the central nervous…

Q: Describe the spread of the action potential through the heart’s conduction system.

A: A transient shift in voltage (membrane potential) across the cell membrane of heart cells is…