Explain why most loss-of-function alleles (hypomorphic or amorphic) are recessive to wild-type alleles, but some are incompletely dominant or dominant.

Q: At which level is incomplete dominance more likely to beobserved—at the molecular/cellular level or…

A: Incomplete dominance is a phenomenon in which neither of the two alleles is completely dominant in a…

Q: How  Neomorphic alleles can express a normalprotein ectopically. ?

A: Alleles are the variant forms of a gene and are present on the same loci of two homologous…

Q: Which of the following statements about paramutation is false?a. A paramutagenic allele can alter…

A: Paramutation is a type of mutation that is defined as an interaction between alleles that leads to a…

Q: If two doubly-heterozygous Cookie-monster blue-haired muppets mate, and produce 3200 children, which…

A: Epistasis is defined as an event occurring in genetics which shows the effect of gene mutation…

Q: Define mutant allele

A: The genome of an organism consists of the genetic information that is inherited by its offsprings.…

Q: The various forms of any one gene are called? A. homologous B. homozygous C. Heterozygous D.…

A: Heredity: The transmission of the genes from the parents to the offspring or from one generation to…

Q: What is the probability that their firstborn child will be inartistic, immoral and greedy? What is…

A:

Q: Explain the following term: Allele:

A: DNA is the genetic material present in most of the living organisms. The DNA is made up of 4…

Q: Define wild-type alleles (+)

A: Wild type allele is the phenotype of the organism that is the product of standard normal alleles.…

Q: Working with the definitions of penetrance and expressivity, analyze the following pedigree and…

A: Penetrance measures the degree of any disease gene expressed in the genotype of the individual.…

Q: Let’s suppose a gene exists as a functional wild-type allele and anonfunctional mutant allele. At…

A: Dominance is a phenomenon in which an individual has two allelic forms that expresses one over the…

Q: why why heterozygosity for a deletion can be harmful?

A: Deletion refers to a type of mutation in which the genetic material in a chromosome is deleted or…

Q: What is the high-frequency alleles of a polymorphic gene?

A: Alleles are the variant of the gene. DNA is comprised of various nucleotides that collect genetic…

Q: Can it ever be proved that an animal is not a carrier of a recessive allele (that is, not a…

A: Inheritance is the process of transmitting the traits from parent to offspring. Traits of an…

Q: Explain why an organism with a homozygous dominant genotype has the same phenotype as an organism…

A: The words genotype and phenotype are developed from the presence of alleles of a gene in an organism…

Q: The mutant FMR-1 allele that causes fragile X syndrome is considered to be X-linked dominant…

A: Fragile X syndrome is a genetic disorder. It causes various developmental disorders that include…

Q: Contrast the actions of hypermorphic, neomorphic, andantimorphic gain-of-function alleles.

A: Gain-of-function alleles are those alleles which along with the original wild type allele is…

Q: If the frequency of those exhibiting a monogenic autosomal recessive phenotype caused by only one…

A: Chromosomes are thread like structure present in the cell of organisms. There are two types of…

Q: Explain why most loss-of-function alleles are recessive to wild-type, but some are incompletely…

A: An allele determines the hereditary characteristics. Most of the genes have two alleles, namely the…

Q: Explain how each of the following produces phenotypic ratios other than those Mendel observed:…

A: Mendelian inheritance follows the law of dominance. One dominant gene allele completely masks the…

Q: What is meant by recessive allele? Explain with help of an example.

A: Gene is the unit of heredity and the alternative forms of a gene are allele.

Q: In domestic cats, the dominant allele A encodes pigmented fur and the recessive allele a encodes…

A: There are certain traits in animals that follow the Mendelian pattern of inheritance. These animals…

Q: Give the genotypic frequencies expected under the Hardy–Weinberg law for (a) an autosomal locus with…

A: Hardy-Weinberg principle states that in the absence of evolutionary influences, the allele…

Q: Applying Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. For instance, a trait is caused by the homozygous state of a…

A: When the population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, the population has following characteristics:…

Q: Describe how alleles can exhibit incomplete penetrance andvary in their expressivity.

A: When there are offsprings with the same genotype but having various degrees of observed phenotype,…

Q: Are redundant genes revealed by loss-of-function or gain-of-function alleles and why is that the…

A: Genes can be defined as the segment of the DNA which consists of information about the genetic…

Q: One particularly useful feature of the Hardy-Weinberg equation is that it allows us to estimate the…

A: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium states that, in a population allele and genotypic frequencies will remain…

Q: Are multiple alleles, lethal alleles, and epistasis common or rare in humans? Why?

A: Multiple alleles refer to the different alleles of a single gene. It can be one or more than one.…

Q: Genes on one gene that affect the expression of genes at different locations are said to be alleles…

A: Some genes are independent and some affect other genes.

Q: Why amorphic alleles are usually recessive to wild-type alleles?

A: Step 1 Mutation can result in mutant alleles that no longer produce a similar type of active product…

Q: show effects of the allele under some circumstances (refer to the linked article and Mendelian…

A: Sickle cell allele refers to the abnormal allele of a person in which hemoglobin beta gene is…

Q: What is epistasis?      a gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a…

A: Epigenetics is a type of phenomenon that occurs at the genetic level of an organism. Genetics is…

Q: Why Phenotypes may show variations in penetrance and expressivity?

A: Genetics is a branch of science that deals with the study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation…

Q: What are Possible Dominance Relations in case of neomorphic mutations?

A: Any permanent change in the DNA’s nucleotide sequence is termed as mutations. Based on their effect…

Q: A made-up genetic phenotype in humans results in some people having both brown and blond body hair.…

A: In an individual, the phenotypic traits are determined by inherited genes from his/her parents.…

Q: Explain, at the molecular level, why human genetic diseases oftenfollow a simple Mendelian pattern…

A: Genes are the set of nucleotides present in a chromosome that encodes for particular information…

Q: Give biological term for supressed allele.

A: The presence of two alternative forms/variations is one of the defining features of a single gene…

Q: Which allele is an example of a loss-of-function allele?

A: The mutation of a gene or allele can produce mutant allelic forms that either produce a reduced…

Q: How do geneticist normally tell whether an organism exhibiting a dominant phenotype is homozygous or…

A: The alleles are the alternative forms of a gene that are located on the same locus of a homologous…

Q: The red color of the tomato pulp depends on the presence of the R factor, dominant over its r allele…

A: Red = RR, Rr Yellow = rr Normal = DD, Dd Dwarf = dd

Q: Explain the term total phenotype variance (VP)?

A: Population genetics involves the changes in the frequencies of the alleles and genotype within a…

Q: What is the unusual phenomenon in which the expression of an allele depends on the parent that…

A: A gene is a unit of genetic material and alleles are the alternative form of genes present on the…

Q: In Codominance, the Influence of Both Alleles in a Heterozygote IsClearly Evident. Explain ?

A: A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific characteristic. A variable  or distinct form of…

Q: Due to dosage compensation by X inactivation, females can exhibit a mosaic pattern of sweat glands…

A: X-inactivation refers to the inactivation of one of the X chromosomes that is present in pairs in…

Q: In yeast, the alleles for colony colour and tryptophan dependence are located on different…

A: When genes are close together on the same chromosome, they are said to be linked. Morgan discovered…

Q: Total fingerprint ridge count exemplifies a polygenic inheritance pattern.  Penrose (1969) and…

A: The RNAi Consortium, or TRC, is a public-private partnership based at the Broad that aims to produce…

Q: Discuss at least one type of genetic variation.

A: Genetic variation refers to the diversity in gene frequencies. Genetic variations can refer to…

Q: Briefly describe what is a meaning of genetic variation.

A: Variation are distinctive changes that takes place in individuals or set / group of individuals . It…

Q: The dominant form of Enzyme 1 makes blue pigment. However, individuals with this allele only have…

A: The mode of inheritance is a pattern of obtaining parentral alleles  or genes to the offsprings. The…

Inheritance and Mendelian Genetics

Inheritance means the passing of traits to offspring from parents. These traits could be passed either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction. The offspring receives the genetic material from the parents. Mendelian inheritance is a certain biological inheritance that follows the rules and principles laid down by Gregor Mendel in 1865. The initial hypothesis was considered wrong, but other inheritance theories modified the concept of inheritance and thus genetics.