Fibonacci numbers F1, F2, F3, . . . are defined by the rule: F1 = F2 = 1 and Fk = Fk−2 + Fk−1 for k > 2. Lucas numbers L1, L2, L3, . . . are defined in a similar way by the rule: L1 = 1, L2 = 3 and Lk = Lk−2 + Lk−1 for k > 2. Show that Fibonacci and Lucas numbers satisfy the following equality for all n ≥ 2 Ln = Fn−1 + Fn+1.
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Fibonacci numbers F1, F2, F3, . . . are defined by the rule: F1 = F2 = 1 and Fk = Fk−2 + Fk−1 for k > 2. Lucas numbers L1, L2, L3, . . . are defined in a similar way by the rule: L1 = 1, L2 = 3 and Lk = Lk−2 + Lk−1 for k > 2. Show that Fibonacci and Lucas numbers satisfy the following equality for all n ≥ 2 Ln = Fn−1 + Fn+1.
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- Please answer the following question in depth with full detail. Consider the 8-puzzle that we discussed in class. Suppose we define a new heuristic function h3 which is the average of h1 and h2, and another heuristic function h4 which is the sum of h1 and h2. That is, for every state s ∈ S: h3(s) =h1(s) + h2(s) 2 h4(s) =h1(s) + h2(s) where h1 and h2 are defined as “the number of misplaced tiles”, and “the sum of the distances of the tiles from their goal positions”, respectively. Are h3 and h4 admissible? If admissible, compare their dominance with respect to h1 and h2, if not, provide a counterexample, i.e. a puzzle configuration where dominance does not hold.Consider the following popular puzzle in discrete math. When asked for the ages of her three children, Mrs. Baker says that Alice is her youngest child if Bill is not her youngest child, and that Alice is not her youngest child if Carl is not her youngest child. Write down a knowledge base that describes this riddle and the necessary background knowledge that only one of the three children can be her youngest child. Show with resolution that Bill is her youngest child.Let l be a line in the x-yplane. If l is a vertical line, its equation is x = a for some real number a. Suppose l is not a vertical line and its slope is m. Then the equation of l is y = mx + b, where b is the y-intercept. If l passes through the point (x₀, y₀), the equation of l can be written as y - y₀ = m(x - x₀). If (x₁, y₁) and (x₂, y₂) are two points in the x-y plane and x₁ ≠ x₂, the slope of line passing through these points is m = (y₂ - y₁)/(x₂ - x₁). Instructions Write a program that prompts the user for two points in the x-y plane. Input should be entered in the following order: Input x₁ Input y₁ Input x₂
- Let l be a line in the x-y plane. If l is a vertical line, its equation is x 5a for some real number a. Suppose l is not a vertical line and its slope is m. Then the equation of l is y 5mx 1b, where b is the y-intercept. If l passes through the point (x0, y0,), the equation of l can be written as y 2y0 5m(x 2x0 ). If (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) are two points in the x-y plane and x1 ≠ x2, the slope of line passing through these points is m 5(y2 2y1 )/(x2 2x1 ). Write a program that prompts the user two points in the x-y plane. The program outputs the equation of the line and uses if statements to determine and output whether the line is vertical, horizontal, increasing, or decreasing. If l is a non-vertical line, output its equation in the form y 5mx 1b.A Norman window has the shape of a rectangle surmounted by a semicircle. Suppose the outer perimeter of such a window must be 600 cm. In this problem you will find the base length x which will maximize the area of such a window. Use calculus to find an exact answer. When the base length is zero, the area of the window will be zero. There is also a limb on how large x can her when x is large enough, the rectangular portion of the window shrinks down to zero height. What is the exact largest value of x when this occurs?Correct answer will be upvoted else Multiple Downvoted. Computer science. Gildong has a square board comprising of n lines and n sections of square cells, each comprising of a solitary digit (from 0 to 9). The cell at the j-th section of the I-th line can be addressed as (i,j), and the length of the side of every cell is 1. Gildong prefers enormous things, so for every digit d, he needs to find a triangle with the end goal that: Every vertex of the triangle is in the focal point of a cell. The digit of each vertex of the triangle is d. Somewhere around one side of the triangle is corresponding to one of the sides of the board. You might expect that a side of length 0 is corresponding to the two sides of the board. The space of the triangle is boosted. Obviously, he can't simply be content with tracking down these triangles with no guarantees. Along these lines, for every digit d, he will change the digit of precisely one cell of the board to d, then, at that point, track…
- Answer the following: This problem exercises the basic concepts of game playing, using tic-tac-toe (noughts and crosses) as an example. We define Xn as the number of rows, columns, or diagonals with exactly n X’s and no O’s. Similarly, On is the number of rows, columns, or diagonals with just n O’s. The utility function assigns +1 to any position with X3=1 and −1 to any position with O3=1. All other terminal positions have utility 0. For nonterminal positions, we use a linear evaluation function defined as Eval(s)=3X2(s)+X1(s)−(3O2(s)+O1(s)). a. Show the whole game tree starting from an empty board down to depth 2 (i.e., one X and one O on the board), taking symmetry into account. b. Mark on your tree the evaluations of all the positions at depth 2. c .Using the minimax algorithm, mark on your tree the backed-up values for the positions at depths 1 and 0, and use those values to choose the best starting move. Provide original solutions including original diagram for part a!Answer the following: This problem exercises the basic concepts of game playing, using tic-tac-toe (noughts and crosses) as an example. We define Xn as the number of rows, columns, or diagonals with exactly n X’s and no O’s. Similarly, On is the number of rows, columns, or diagonals with just n O’s. The utility function assigns +1 to any position with X3=1 and −1 to any position with O3=1. All other terminal positions have utility 0. For nonterminal positions, we use a linear evaluation function defined as Eval(s)=3X2(s)+X1(s)−(3O2(s)+O1(s)). a. Show the whole game tree starting from an empty board down to depth 2 (i.e., one X and one O on the board), taking symmetry into account. b. Mark on your tree the evaluations of all the positions at depth 2. c .Using the minimax algorithm, mark on your tree the backed-up values for the positions at depths 1 and 0, and use those values to choose the best starting move. Provide original solution!Correct answer will be upvoted else downvoted. Computer science. in case there are two planes and a molecule is shot with rot age 3 (towards the right), the cycle is as per the following: (here, D(x) alludes to a solitary molecule with rot age x) the primary plane delivers a D(2) to the left and lets D(3) progress forward to the right; the subsequent plane delivers a D(2) to the left and lets D(3) progress forward to the right; the primary plane lets D(2) forge ahead to the left and creates a D(1) to the right; the subsequent plane lets D(1) progress forward to one side (D(1) can't create any duplicates). Altogether, the last multiset S of particles is {D(3),D(2),D(2),D(1)}. (See notes for visual clarification of this experiment.) Gaurang can't adapt up to the intricacy of the present circumstance when the number of planes is excessively huge. Help Gaurang find the size of the multiset S, given n and k. Since the size of the multiset can be extremely huge, you…
- Show that for f(n) = 2n2 and g(n) = 20n + 3n2 , f(n) is θ(g(n)). How many ways can it be shown? Also Show that for g(n) = 10n2and f(n) = n! + 3 , f(n) is Ω(g(n)). How many ways can it be shown? Discuss with the instructor.Note that for this question, you can in addition use ``land'' for the symbol ∧ ``lor'' for the symbol ∨ ``lnot'' for the symbol ¬. Given the following three sentences:A) Every mathematician is married to an engineer.B) A bachelor is not married to anyone.C) If George is a mathematician, then he is not a bachelor. a) Convert A,B,C into three FOL sentences, whereMn(x): x is a mathematician.Er(x): x is an engineer.Md(x,y): x is married to y.Br(x): x is a bachelor.george: George is a constant. b) Show that A does-not-entail C. (Hint: Consider defining an interpretation I such that I models A, but does-not-model C.)c) Show that {A,B} entails C. (Hint: For a given interpretation I, consider two difference cases, the case where Mn(george) is true, and the case Mn(george) is false. For both cases, argue that it is always that I models C).d) Convert A,B, lnot C into a set of clausal forms, number your clauses. (Note that C is negated here!) e) Derive the empty clause from the set of clauses…2. In Africa there is a very special species of bee. Every year, the female bees of such species give birth to one male bee, while the male bees give birth to one male bee and one female bee, and then they die! Now scientists have accidentally found one “magical female bee” of such special species to the effect that she is immortal, but still able to give birth once a year as all the other female bees. The scientists would like to know how many bees there will be after N years. Please write a program that helps them find the number of male bees and the total number of all bees after N years. Input Each line of input contains an integer N (≥ 0). Input ends with a case where N = −1. (This case should NOT be processed.) Output Each line of output should have two numbers, the first one being the number of male bees after N years, and the second one being the total number of bees after N years. (The two numbers will not exceed 232.) Sample Input 1 3 -1 Sample Output 1 2 4 7