Figure 12.4 Efficient Sustainable Yield for a Fishery Total Revenue or Cost (dollars) R(E) C(E)... Price or Cost (dollars per unit) Average Revenue Marginal Revenue Total Cost Total Revenue Fishing Effort Average Cost= Marginal Cost Eº Em E Fishing Effort
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- Two important industries on the island of Bermuda are fishing and tourism.According to data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nationsand the Bermuda Department of Statistics, in 2009 the 306 registered fishermen inBermuda caught 387 metric tons of marine fish. And the 2,719 people employed byhotels produced 554,400 hotel stays (measured by the number of visitor arrivals).Suppose that this production point is efficient in production. Assume also that theopportunity cost of 1 additional metric ton of fish is 2,000 hotel stays and that thisopportunity cost is constant (the opportunity cost does not change).a. If all 306 registered fishermen were to be employed by hotels (in addition to the2,719 people already working in hotels), how many hotel stays could Bermudaproduce?Alyssa’s Custom Cakes currently sells 4 birthday, 3 wedding,and 2 specialty cakes each month for $45, $155, and $105each, respectively. The cost of labor is $50 per hour (includ-ing benefits) and it takes 90 minutes to produce a birthdaycake, 240 minutes to produce a wedding cake, and 60 min-utes to produce a specialty cake. Alyssa’s current multifactorproductivity ratio is 1.30.a. Use the multifactor productivity ratio provided to calcu-late the average cost of the cakes produced.b. Calculate Alyssa’s labor productivity ratio in dollars perhour for each type of cake c. Based solely on the labor productivity ratio, which cakeshould Alyssa try to sell the most?d. Based on your answer in part (a), is there a type of cakeAlyssa should stop selling?Suppose a Farmer has a fixed resource of 80 acres planted in corn. If the farmer does not cultivate the cornfield (clear the weeds) at all, the yeild will be 40 bushels per acre. If he cultivates the land onece, putput may rise to 50 bushels per acre. A second cultivation may increase output to 57 bushels per acres, a third to 61, and a fourth to 63. What will succeeding cultiation do?
- Suppose you have inherited a few acres of landfrom a relative and you are considering what to dowith your inheritance. A farmer with land next toyours offers to buy your acres so he can expand hisgrazing area. How will you decide whether to sellyour land to the farmer? What factors should youconsider?Could the benefits of increasing production outweigh the risks of potential injuries in Aluma Arc's reasoning potentially backfire? What would be an appropriate way to approach the issue?11 When performing a benefit cost analysis of different options to provide clean water to a community, the option that should be chosen is the option that maximizes the benefit to cost ratio. True or False?
- A steel foundry emits fumes that lead to a marked reduction in air quality for localinhabitants. a) Draw a diagram to show that at the foundry’s profit maximising output marginalsocial cost exceeds marginal private cost.to treat a sore back Kyoko undertakes a course of physical therapy.Kyoko's marginal benefit from her first physical therapy session is $250 from her second its $225 , from her third its $175 anf from her its $100. physical threapy sessins cost $175 each. assuming kyoko's final physical threapy session will earn her zero consumer surpus, kyoko will have _ physical threapy sessions and her total consumer surpus will be_ A .four, $0 B. three, $100 c. four, $125 d. three, $125Imagine a scenic canyon, visited by many local people as well as tourists from beyondthe local area. Consider a scenario in which a mining company has proposed to the localauthority that it be closed to the public and put into the production of coal. Thinking interms of economics as a way of adjudicating the relative value of one use of the canyon overthe other, what would you need to know in order to make a comparison or assessment?What kinds of quantitative data would inform your decision, and where might they comefrom? What kinds of things might you need to know that are hard to measure? Once youhave listed the kinds of information and data that might be available to inform this decision, do you think it would be sufficient to making this decision, why or why not?
- Lecture: Externality - Pigou8. All-Leather is a tanning company located on Lake Michigan in Chicago. Its total cost functionis C(QA) = 125 + 8QA + 5QA2, where QA is leather production per week in thousands of pounds.a) If leather sells for $408 per thousand pounds, how much leather will All-Leather produce?How much profit does All-leather earn?Enjoy is a beverage company located on Lake Michigan near All-Leather in Chicago. Enjoy’sproduction of beverages is negatively affected by water pollution from All-Leather’s productionof leather. Enjoy’s total cost function to produce beverages isC(QE) = 10QE +3QE2 + 3QA2where QE is Enjoy’s weekly production of beverages, in thousandsof gallons and, as above, QA is All-Leather’s weekly production of leather.b) Is this an example of a pecuniary externality or a real externality? Explain.c) What is the extra cost to Enjoy from an additional thousand tons of leather production by AllLeather (i.e., the external marginal cost of an extra unit of QA…1.Use the marginal analysis technique to determine the quantity of organic coconut oil that will maximize net benefits. Present results in table form and highlight the maximizinglevel. 2. Graphically illustrate letter B. Separate the graphs for TB – TC approach, MB = MC rule, and net benefit (maximum). The sequence of the graph: (1) TB – TC approach (topmost graph); (2) net benefit (middle graph); and (3) MB, MC, & MNB (last, 3rd graph). But be sure that the graphs are parallel in X-axis so as to be consistent in the results. (Label your graphs accordingly and appropriately.)Computer models of global climate changecaused by increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere predictnot only higher overall temperatures, but also more intense andfrequent heat waves. During the devastating European heatwave in the summer of 2003, between 35,000 and 52,000“excess deaths” occurred. Before taking specific actions toreduce carbon dioxide emissions, economists and politicians tryto estimate the costs. Should excess deaths be included as acost of inaction? If so, what value should we place on a life?
