Fill in the blanks with words chosen from the Word bank: All species in the genus humans left Africa about ago and were confronted with the problem of living in a harsh northern climate. They evolved relatively quickly to their with H. neanderthalensis, who had migrated new environment by out of Africa 340,000 years earlier. Traits acquired by H. sapiens from H. neanderthalensis include light-colored and straight Word Bank: Neanderthals because of recent technological advances, especially Appendages We know much about the relatedness of humans and Hair evolved in Africa. Ancestors of modern PCR GMOs Homo Ears Restriction Endonucleases Fighting Animalia Gorilla Mating Chordata 60,000 years Skin

Fill in the blanks with words chosen from the Word bank: All species in the genus humans left Africa about ago and were confronted with the problem of living in a harsh northern climate. They evolved relatively quickly to their with H. neanderthalensis, who had migrated new environment by out of Africa 340,000 years earlier. Traits acquired by H. sapiens from H. neanderthalensis include light-colored and straight Word Bank: Neanderthals because of recent technological advances, especially Appendages We know much about the relatedness of humans and Hair evolved in Africa. Ancestors of modern PCR GMOs Homo Ears Restriction Endonucleases Fighting Animalia Gorilla Mating Chordata 60,000 years Skin

Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (MindTap Course List)

5th Edition

ISBN:9781305117396

Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter12: Processes Of Evolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4CT

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House sparrows (Maya) were introduced to North America in 1852. Since that time thesparrows have evolved different characteristics in different locations. Sparrow populations inthe north are larger-bodied than sparrow populations in the south. This divergence inpopulations is probably at least partly a result of natural selection: larger-bodied birds canoften survive lower temperatures than smaller-bodied birds can. Colder weather in the northmay select for larger-bodied birds. What type of evolution based on natural selectionaccounts for this observation? Explain your answer.
Knowledge of the genomes of ancient homininsmight help us better understand not only the evolutionaryhistory of hominins, but also the traits that differ between usand our relatives—the traits that make us human. Our understandingof the functions of different genes is growing rapidly,so detailed comparisons of our genes to those present in, say,Neanderthals and Denisovans are very revealing. What do youthink are the functions most likely to be related to the geneticdifferences between us and our hominin relatives?
This is a potential phylogenetic tree created by anthropologists at UC Berkeley.A-Ardipithecus ramidusB-Australopithecus anamensisC-Australopithecus afarensisD-Australopithecus africanusE-Paranthropus aethiopicusF-Paranthropus robustusG-Paranthropus boiseiH-Australopithecus garhiI-Homo rudolfensisJ-Homo habilusK-Homo ergasterL-Homo erectusM-Homo heidelbergensisN-Homo neanderthalensisO-Homo sapiens What kinds of evidence to you think anthropologists used to create this tree?
Recent reconstructions of evolutionary history are often dependenton assigning divergence in terms of changes in amino acid ornucleotide sequences. For example, a comparison of cytochromec shows 10 amino acid differences between humans and dogs,24 differences between humans and moths, and 38 differencesbetween humans and yeast. Such data provide no information asto the absolute times of divergence for humans, dogs, moths, andyeast. How might one calibrate the molecular clock to an absolutetime clock? What problems might one encounter in such acalibration?
In studying recent fossils of the genus Homo, such as Cro-Magnon,biologists have determined that modern humans have not undergonemuch biological evolution in the past 50,000 years. Rather, culturalanthropologists argue that cultural evolution has been far moreimportant than biological evolution in the recent history of modernhumans. What do they mean by this? Support your argument withsome examples.
A number of comparisons of nucleotide sequences among hominidsand rodents indicate that inbreeding may have occurredmore often in hominid than in rodent ancestry. Bakewell et al.(2007. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. [USA] 104: 7489-7494) suggest thatan ancient population bottleneck that left approximately 10,000 humans might have caused early humans to have a greaterchance of genetic disease. Why would a population bottleneckinfluence the frequency of genetic disease?
Modern humans vary in the amount of Neanderthal DNA they carry in their genomes What geographic regions have the most Neanderthal DNA and which have the least? Why is Neanderthal DNA differently distributed among modern human populations, particularly those regions with the most and those regions with the least?
. As of this writing in 2016, no Neanderthal-derivedY chromosome nor mitochondrial DNA sequenceshas ever been found in a modern human. Proposetwo alternative explanations.
When I first studied hominin evolution, they had found "Lucy", an Australopithecus afarensis, and everyone thought her species was an early ancestor of Homo sapien. The picture is much more complicated, with lots of hominins living in close proximity for millions of years...much different than our now singular species. Look at the phylogenetic tree and use it as a guide to briefly describe hominin lines in Africa up to Homo. Do not discuss Homo.Just discuss a sense that you generally can grasp what was going on in Africa with our Genus for 6 or 7 million years!
Dont USE AI. Please answer from your knowlage. Why do you think it was possible for several different hominin species to coexist at around 2.5 million years ago when we are the only living hominin species today? Do you think it is possible that one of the later robust Australopithecines could be the ancestor to our genus, Homo? Why or why not? 300 words
How does the fact that all ethnic groups except Africans contain some Neanderthal DNA (1–4 percent of their DNA) support the out-of-Africa hypothesis for the origin of modern humans (Homo sapiens)?
If phenotype is a proxy for genotype, then why do you think that paleoanthropologists erroneously designated Neandertalensis as a separate species prior to the accessibility of DNA analysis? What were they comparing them to when they were lumping or splitting fossils taxonomically and why would these reference populations provide the bias resulting in such a confounding factor in their assessments?