Following is the structural formula of Surfynol, a defoaming surfactant. Describe the synthesis of this compound from acetylene and a ketone. How many stereoisomers are possible for Surfynol? OH OH Surfynol
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- A step in a synthesis of PGE1 (prostaglandin E1, alprostadil) is the reaction of a trisubstituted cyclohexene with bromine to form a bromolactone. Propose a mechanism for formation of this bromolactone and account for the observed stereochemistry of each substituent on the cyclohexane ring. Alprostadil is used as a temporary therapy for infants born with congenital heart defects that restrict pulmonary blood flow. It brings about dilation of the ductus arteriosus, which in turn increases blood flow in the lungs and blood oxygenation.Following is a retrosynthesis for the coronary vasodilator ganglefene. (a) Propose a synthesis for ganglefene from 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and 3-methyl-3-buten-2-one. (b) Is ganglefene chiral? If so, which of the possible stereoisomers are formed in this synthesis?Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the following epoxide gives a trans diol. Of the two possible trans diols, only one is formed. How do you account for this stereoselectivity?
- (R)-Pulegone, readily available from pennyroyal oil, is an important enantiopure building block for organic syntheses. Propose a mechanism for each step in this transformation of pulegone.Following is the structure of miconazole, the active antifungal agent in a number of over-the-counter preparations, including Monistat, that are used to treat vaginal yeast infections. One of the compounds needed for the synthesis of miconazole is the trichloro derivative of toluene shown on its right. (a) Show how this derivative can be synthesized from toluene. (b) How many stereoisomers are possible for miconazole?The following compound undergoes Benzilic Acid Rearrangementto yield a hydroxyacid salt. Propose a mechanism for the reaction, write the major product, and provide an explanation as to the preference of migration of one R group over the other.
- Brevicomin, the aggregation pheromone of the western pine bark beetle, contains a bicyclic bridged ring system and is prepared by the acidcatalyzed cyclization of 6,7-dihydroxy-nonan-2-one. a. Suggest a structure for brevicomin. b. Devise a synthesis of 6,7-dihydroxynonan-2-one from 6-bromohexan-2- one. You may also use three-carbon alcohols and any required organic or inorganic reagents.Brevicomin, the aggregation pheromone of the western pine bark beetle, contains a bicyclic bridged ring system and is prepared by the acid-catalyzed cyclization of 6,7-dihydroxynonan- 2-one. a. Suggest a structure for brevicomin. b. Devise a synthesis of 6,7-dihydroxynonan-2-one from 6-bromohexan-2-one. You may also use three-carbon alcohols and any required organic or inorganic reagents.Propylene oxide is a chiral molecule. Hydrolysis of propylene oxide gives propylene glycol, another chiral molecule. A. Provide a mechanism for the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of pure (R)-propylene oxide (treatment with H2SO4/H2O), showing the correct stereochemistry. B. Provide a mechanism for the treatment of pure (R)-propylene oxide with NaOH in water (base-catalyzed hydrolysis), showing the correct stereochemistry. C. Explain why acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of optically active propylene oxide gives a product with a rotation in the opposite direction from the product of the base catalyzed hydrolysis.
- β-ocimene is a pleasant smelling hydrocarbon found in the leaves of a certain herbs. It has a molecular formula C10H16 and a UV absorption λmax 232nm. On hydrogenation with a palladium catalyst, 2,6-dimethyloctane is obtained. Ozonolysis β-ocimene followed by the treatment with zinc and acetic acid produces the following fragments:Show how you would synthesize the following compounds, starting with benzene or toluene and any necessary acyclicreagents. Assume para is the major product (and separable from ortho) in ortho, para mixtures. 3-phenylpropan-1-olv) What products would you expect if 2-butyne were treated with ozone in the presence ofacetic acidvi) What products would you expect if 1-butyne were treated with ozone in the presence ofacetic acidvii) What products would you expect if 2-butyne were treated with KMnO4 in the presenceof KOH in water?viii) What products would you expect if 1-butyne were treated with KMnO4 in the presence of KOH in water
