Following short term, high intensity exercise recovery of the 'oxygen debt' is associated with metabolic process "X" in organ "Y" where Select one: а.
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- Characterizing Glycolysis List the reactions of glycolysis that a. are energy consuming (under standard-stale conditions), b. are energy yielding (under standard-state conditions), c. consume ATP. d. yield ATP e. are strongly influenced by changes in concentration of substrate and product because of their molecularity. f. are at or near equilibrium in the erythrocyte (see Table 18.2).Patient who had undergone a complex maxillofacial operation could not takefood during 2 days, but glucose level in the patient's blood during that period wason the lower limit of normal. What mechanisms facilitate the maintenance ofnormal level of glucose in prolonged starvation? To answer this question:a) indicate normal fasting blood glucose level;b) draw the metabolic pathway ensuring glucose synthesis in patient's body duringa period of starvation, mark the enzymes and coenzymes;c) list the substrates of this process and its localization.Assuming that all the glucose entering a muscle fiber is oxidized, as what molecule will the glucose carbon leave the body? Of glucose’s six carbons, two oxidized carbon byproducts will be produced by one enzyme, and four will be produced by a metabolic pathway. At which enzyme and pathway are these carbon-based bi-products produced?
- WHAT is the TOTAL NET YIELD of ATP (incl. ATP equivalents from NTPs, NADH, and FADH2) from the complete aerobic oxidation of this fatty acid to CO2 and H2O?In terms of aerobic cellular respiration, explain how the irreversible steps of glycolysis and krebs, work in concert with oxidative phosphorylation (i.e., ETC and ATP synthase) to regulate the energy charge of the cell? Why do hepatocytes make more ATP from glucose than myocytes?What is the total ATP produced from complete oxidation of 10 molecules of glucose asumming that the shuttel used is the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle?
- The transformation of glucose to lactate in myocytes releases only about 7% of the free energy released when glucose is completely oxidized to CO2 and H2O. Does this mean that anaerobic glycolysis in muscle is a wasteful use of glucose? Explain.The control of aerobic respiration by ADP is referred to as_______________________.(a) Starting with one molecule of glucose, how many ATPs are produced during (I) aerobic and (II) anaerobic respiration? (b) In chemiosmotic (oxidative) phosphorylation, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + Pi to ATP and what the driving force for the ATP formation through ATP synthase?
- Glucosamine is a common compound that inhibits hexokinase action (the transfer of a phosphate group to glucose during glycolysis). A) Describe the consequences of glucosamine exposure on cellular respiration. B) Is glucosamine exposure fatal? Why or why not?Urea formation is energetically expensive, requiring theexpenditure of 4 mol of ATP per mole of urea formed.However, NADH is produced when fumarate is reconvertedto aspartate. How many ATP molecules are produced bythe mitochondrial oxidation of the NADH? What is the netATP requirement for urea synthesis?A 16-year-old female is recently diagnosed with a deficiency of muscle glycogen phosphorylase. She and her family are concerned and ask the following questions. Based on what you know about skeletal muscle glycogenolysis and muscle metabolism, please respond to each question with a thoughtful answer that describes the metabolism in these various scenarios in language that your patient will understand, while also being sure to include the role of the relevant metabolic pathways, specific enzymes, and stimulus for their activity: I’m not sure I understand the issue. Can you explain how muscle glycogen is used normally during exercise? I really like to take long walks; will Istill be able to do this with my friends? As a result of this deficiency, will I need to get up at night to eat to maintain my blood glucose levels? Do I need to worry about producing excessive lactate during intense anaerobic exercise?
