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Assuming that all the glucose entering a muscle fiber is oxidized, as what molecule will the glucose carbon leave the body?
Of glucose’s six carbons, two oxidized carbon byproducts will be produced by one enzyme, and four will be produced by a
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- What should be the net yield of ATP in glycolysis when endogenous glycogen is used? Give answer as a numeric value.Describe the two mechanisms by which muscle glycogen is broken down to glucose (glycogenolysis) for use in glycolysis. Which one is activated at the same time as muscle contraction?What would be the ATP yield per molecule of glucose in the muscle if glycogen were the source of the glucose?
- What is the fate of hydrogen atoms removed from glucose during glycolysis when oxygen is present in muscle cells? How does it compare with the fate ofhydrogen atoms removed from glucose when the amount of available oxygen is insufficient to support aerobic respiration?How many ATPs—total and net—are produced from breaking down one molecule of glucose in glycolysis?Assuming that the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle is operative, a complete oxidation of five molecules of glucose (by a eukaryotic cell) into carbon dioxide and water would produce approximately _________ ATP molecules via oxidative phosphorylation only. (Consider NADH = 2.5 ATP and FADH2 = 1.5 ATP)
- As early as the 1930s, it was known that frog muscles could still contract when glycolysis was inhibited. Where did the ATP come from to drive these contractions?Consider ten glucose molecules that enter a cell. How many ATP can be generated by the complete catabolism of these into CO2 and H2O? If all ten are first incorporated into glycogen, liberated from glycogen, and then fully catabolized into CO2 and H2O, does the ATP tally increase, decrease or stay the same? Consider that 1 UTP = 1 ATP. Explain. Describe the processes which produce ATP and provide a balanced equation of glucose, CO2, H2O and O2How many ATP equivalents would be generated or used by the metabolism of 2 oxaloacetate to glucose?
- Complete catabolism of one glucose molecule yields 38 ATP molecules. How many moles of ATP are produced by the complete catabolism of 10 moles of glucose?What is the rationale for the inhibition of muscle glycogen phosphorylase by glucose 6- phosphate when glucose 1- phosphate is the product of the phosphorylase reaction?Between two extremes. What is the role of a thioester in the formation of ATP in glycolysis?
