For an Omni-directional antenna, the measurements show the Half Power Beam Width (HPBW) in vertical and horizontal planes are 30 degree and 20 degree respectively. If this antenna has a loss resistance of 25ohm and efficiency n=0.8, calculate: i. Antenna’s gain in dB; ii. Radiation resistance iii. How the efficiency of this antenna can be improved? Support your answer with applicable equations and results.

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Antenna Characteristics

The antenna is an important concept in the domain of electronics and communication engineering. An antenna forms an integral part of many commonly used devices such as wireless modems, routers, game controllers, mobile phones, bluetooth devices, and so on. In simple terms, any wireless communication makes use of antennas to serve the purpose. An antenna, also known by the term 'arial', is an electrical device that converts electrical signals into electromagnetic waves or electromagnetic waves into electrical signals. An antenna contains a transmission line usually made up of co-axial cable, it then receives the signals and converts them into electromagnetic waves, which are then transmitted via space into their required destination. A communication system essentially makes use of two antennas, a transmission antenna, which converts electrical signals into electromagnetic waves, and a receiving antenna, which receives the electromagnetic waves and converts them back into electrical signals.