For any element a in a ring R, define (a) to be the smallest ideal of R that contains a. If R is a commutative ring with unity, show that (a) = aR = {ar TrER}. Show, by example, that if R is commuta- tive but does not have a unity, then (a) and aR may be different.

Elements Of Modern Algebra
8th Edition
ISBN:9781285463230
Author:Gilbert, Linda, Jimmie
Publisher:Gilbert, Linda, Jimmie
Chapter5: Rings, Integral Domains, And Fields
Section5.1: Definition Of A Ring
Problem 49E: An element a of a ring R is called nilpotent if an=0 for some positive integer n. Prove that the set...
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For any element a in a ring R, define (a) to be the smallest ideal of
R that contains a. If R is a commutative ring with unity, show that
(a) = aR = {ar |rER}. Show, by example, that if R is commuta-
tive but does not have a unity, then (a) and aR may be different.
Transcribed Image Text:For any element a in a ring R, define (a) to be the smallest ideal of R that contains a. If R is a commutative ring with unity, show that (a) = aR = {ar |rER}. Show, by example, that if R is commuta- tive but does not have a unity, then (a) and aR may be different.
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