For each of the following monopolists, use appropriate graphs to compare and contrast consumer and producer surplus, as well as any efficiency implications that arise, compared to perfect competition: a) Single price monopolist who does not discriminate b) First degree price discriminating monopolist c) Second-degree price discriminating monopolist
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- Inverse elasticity rule Use the first-order condition (Equation 15.2 ) for a Cournot firm to show that the usual inverse elasticity rule from Chapter 11 holds under Cournot competition (where the elasticity is associated with an individual firm's residual demand, the demand left after all rivals sell their output on the market). Manipulate Equation 15.2 in a different way to obtain an equivalent version of the inverse elasticity rule: pMCp=sieQ,p , where si=qi/Q is firm i's market share and eQp is the elasticity of market demand. Compare this version of the inverse elasticity rule with that for a monopolist from the previous chapter.Suppose the market for Hula Hoops is monopolized by a single firm. a. Draw the initial equilibrium for such a market. b. Now suppose the demand for Hula Hoops shifts outward slightly. Show that, in general (contrary to the competitive case), it will not be possible to predict the effect of this shift in demand on the market price of Hula Hoops. c. Consider three possible ways in which the price elasticity of demand might change as the demand curve shifts: It might increase, it might decrease, or it might stay the same. Consider also that marginal costs for the monopolist might be increasing, decreasing, or constant in the range where MR=MC Consequently, there are nine different combinations of types of demand shifts and marginal cost slope configurations. Analyze each of these to determine for which it is possible to make a definite prediction about the effect of the shift in demand on the price of Hula Hoops.1. Two firms compete in a market to sell a homogeneous product with inversedemand function P = 960-6Q. Each firm produces at a constant marginal cost of$60 and has no fixed costs.c. Assuming the firms collude and act as a monopolist, computei. Equilibrium price and quantityii. Total profitsiii. Consumer surplusiv. Total welfare loss relative to perfect competition (if any)
- Compare the elasticity of the monopolistic competitor’s demand with that of a pure competitor and a pure monopolist. Assuming identical long-run costs, compare graphically the prices and outputs that would result in the long run under pure competition and under monopolistic competition. Contrast the two market structures in terms of productive and allocative effifi ciency. Explain: “Monopolistically competitive industries are characterized by too many firms, each of which produces too little.”We are given an inverse market demand curve: P = 300 – 0.00006Q and the total cost of production. Assume that the total cost of production is the same for the entire market and the monopolist TC = 11,000,000 + 0.0006Q Explain how the market outcomes of perfect competition and monopoly differ for the given market. Use both mathematical and graphical method. Point out consumer and producer surplus, and total welfare ( No need of diagram )Consider a monopoly operating in two markets, TC(q) = 10q, q1=50 - p1, q2=30 - p2 3.1 Determine the prices, quantities and profit under linear pricing (hint: does the monopoly sell to both segments or only to one, and if so which one) 3.2 Determine the prices, quantities and profits for a 3rd degree discrimination 3.3 Assume that the monopoly is able to identify both types of customers. Determine the equilibrium profit for binomial pricing, Ti(qi) = Ai + pqi
- 1. Two firms compete in a market to sell a homogeneous product with inverse demand function P = 960-6Q. Each firm produces at a constant marginal cost of $60 and has no fixed costs. a.Assuming the firms collude and act as a monopolist, computei. Equilibrium price and quantityii. Total profitsiii. Consumer surplusiv. Total welfare loss relative to perfect competition (if any) b. Assuming perfect competition, computei. Equilibrium price and quantityii. Profits and producer surplusiii. Consumer surplus and total surplusCompare the long-run profit maximizing positions of monopolistically competitive firms and monopoly. Include in your answer a discussion of the main characterisitcs of each market structure that contributes to their long-run profit maximizing positions.Are the following statements true or false? (D). A monopoly earns total revenue of $5000 when it sells 500 units of output and totalrevenue of $5400 when it sells 600 units of output. Thus, the marginal revenue of the600th unit is $9.(E). We call a market where there is only one buyer for a good or service a monopoly.(F). There are a few firms selling differentiated products in a monopolistically competitiveindustry.(G). When a demand curve is a downward sloping straight line, the slope of the marginalrevenue curve is twice as steep as the demand curve.
- Assume the following equations describe the conditions for a typical firm in a monopolistically competitive market: P = 6 - .00075qd TC = 4,000 + 2q + .00025q2 where qd is the firm's quantity demanded, P is the commodity's price in dollars, TC is the firm's total cost in dollars and q is the quantity of output produced. Based upon these equations, answer the following questions: a. What quantity of output will the profit-maximizing firm produce in the market's long-run equilibrium? What price will the profit-maximizing firm establish in the long run? Explain how you know this firm is in long-run equilibrium? b. Determine the firm's allocatively efficient quantity of output? c. Determine deadweight loss that exists when this firm is in monopolisitc competition's long-run equilibrium.A monopolist producing and selling cooking gas faces a demand curve, Q = 100 – 0.2P. If Total Cost is TC=4000+ 50Q. i. Determine the quantity of cooking gas she will produce and the price she will charge to maximize profits and determine her profit. ii. Explain how her profits she will affected if regulators forced her to operate like a perfectly competitive firm. iii. Illustrate and compute dead-weight loss and lost consumer surplus associated with her Monopoly operations. a. Suppose the joint cost function of a firm producing two products X and Y IS given by C = 250X2 + 120Y2. Assuming that output of the two products is restricted at 1369. i. Using Lagrangian multiplier technique find the amounts of X and Y that will minimize cost and compute this cost. ii. Examine the cost implications of changing this optimal combination so as to produce 236 additional units of X and 236 fewer units of Y.Question 10A monopolistic producer of two goods, G1 and G2, has a joint total cost function TC = 5Q1 + Q1Q2 + 5Q2Where Q1 and Q2 denote the quantities of G1 and G2 respectivel. If P1 and P2 denote the corresponding prices then the demand equations areP1 = 40 − Q1 + Q2P2 = 20 + 2Q1 − Q2a) Find the total revenue function for each goodb) Find the profit function for the firmc) Find the maximum profit if the firm is contracted to produce a total of 12 goods of either typed) Find the price that the firm is supposed to charge for each good.e) Estimate the new optimal profit if the production quota increases by 2 units