For many years, the Justice Department has tried to break up large firms like IBM, Microsoft, and most recently Google, on the grounds that their large market share made them essentially monopolies. In a global market, where U.S. firms compete with firms from other countries, would this policy make the same sense as it might in a purely domestic context?
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For many years, the Justice Department has tried to break up large firms like IBM,
Microsoft, and most recently Google, on the grounds that their large market share made
them essentially
other countries, would this policy make the same sense as it might in a purely domestic
context?
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- Intellectual property laws are intended to promote innovation, but some economists, such as Milton Friedman, have argued that such laws are not desirable. In the United States, there is no intellectual property protection for food recipes or for fashion designs. Considering the state of these two industries, and hearing in mind the discussion of the inefficiency of monopolies, can you think of any reasons why intellectual property laws might hinder innovation in some cases?In the 1980s, PepsiCo Inc., which then had 28 percent of the soft-drink market, proposed to acquire the Seven-Up Company. Shortly thereafter, the Coca-Cola Company, with 39 percent of the market, indicated it wanted to acquire the Dr Pepper Company. Seven-Up and Dr Pepper each controlled about 7 percent of the market. In your judgment, was the government’s decision to block these mergers appropriate?Isabella runs an IT solutions business for her college peers and has only one competitor, Franco.Isabella and Franco have decided to collude andprovide monopoly-level output. Given that theyare both freshmen and intend to run their businesses for the next three years, is this agreementsustainable? Would your answer change if Francoknew he planned to transfer to another collegenext year?
- 3) Bookface, the largest online social media network in the world, is being sued for abusing market power and attempting to create a monopoly. To defend his company, its founder Zark Muckerberg claims that in the social media industry, users want to be on whichever platform their friends are, which makes the creation of monopolies inevitable. Prosecutors, however, disagree. They claim that Bookface has used its market power to drive small companies out of the market. a. Which side is right? b. Please discuss this phenomenon and its sources.1.ALCOA does not have the monopoly power it oncehad. How do you suppose their barriers to entry wereweakened? 2.For many years, the Justice Department has triedto break up large firms like IBM, Microsoft, and mostrecently Google, on the grounds that their large marketshare made them essentially monopolies. In a globalmarket, where U.S. firms compete with firms from othercountries, would this policy make the same sense as itmight in a purely domestic context?Andrew Carnegie's monopoly in steel was never as complete as John D. Rockefeller's monopoly in oil. But even after the breakup of Standard Oil in 1914, monopolies kept developing -- including more "natural" monopolies such as Microsoft and Facebook. Why does the government of the USA continue to attempt to break up monopolies? What is the economic rationale? A. Monpolies are inherently anti-consumer. B. Monpolies are a natural consequence of technoogical innovation, and are seen by some economists as evidence of the superiority of capitalism because the market rewards competition. C. Monopolies are problematic because of price-fixing, which is achieved mainly after they become established, not because of the aggressive competition required to out-compete rivals before market dominance is achieved. D. All the above.
- QUESTION 2: WORD LIMIT – MAXIMUM 500 WORDS Using the Monopoly model, show using diagrams how a monopolist may sustain abnormal profits for the indefinite future. Should the competition commission litigate against firms who have a dominant market position? In your answer, make sure you use a diagram, list the assumptions for the model, and give examples of real world markets that may be dominated by monopolists. The diagram used should be your own and not taken from another source. (Suppose that your state is considering a law thatwould force all monopolies to charge no more thantheir average total costs of production. Explain toyour legislator the pros and cons of this approachSuppose that De Beers and the local water utility areboth monopolists, in the markets for diamond jewelryand water, respectively. If both monopolies decidedto raise prices 15 percent, which monopoly would bemore likely to see its total revenue decrease? Why?
- Consider a duopoly market with 2 firms. Aggregate demand in this market is given by Q = 500 – P, where P is the price on the market. Q is total market output, i.e., Q = QA + QB, where QA is the output by Firm A and QB is the output by Firm B. For both firms, marginal cost is given by MCi = 20, i=A,B. Assume the firms compete a la Cournot. What are the equilibrium quantities? What is the total quantity supplied on this market? What is the equilibrium price in this market?Indicate whether the statement is TRUE, FALSE, or UNCERTAIN and explain why. 1. It is economically more efficient to have a monopolist that discriminates perfectlythan a monopolist that sets a single price. 2. If a monopsonist faces a perfectly elastic supply curve, there will be no deadweightloss relative to the competitive outcome 3. In a Cournot duopoly market, the two firms agree to produce half of the monopolyoutput level for that market and split the resulting profit. Since the monopoly profit is the highest profit that can be obtained, the two firms will always stick to that agreement even if it’s not legally (or in any other way) binding.In a market with a Duopoly, if Market Demand is P=300-Q find the Cournot reaction curves and the Cournot Quantity solutions then deduce the Price in the case where Marginal Costs curves for either of the Duopoly firms is MC1=q1+30 and MC2=q2+30. Compare your results to the case where a Monopolist that has a MC=Q+30 replaces the Duopoly. What are the Monopoly Quantity and Price? Which quantities are bigger, Cournot or Monopoly? What is the Consumer Surplus in both cases? Set-up the Oligopoly model in a game theoretical prisoner’s dilemma framework. Explain briefly the strategies and how you reach the Nash Equilibrium.