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13. For the two questions below, consider the StatKey 3ʳᵈ ed. dataset CocaineTreatment. If we assume the subjects were volunteers who were randomly assigned to the treatments.
13a. Is the design of this study appropriate to generalize to the population of cocaine users?
Choices: (a) Yes (b) No
13 b. Is the design of this study appropriate to give evidence for causality if a sufficiently strong effect is found?
Choices: (a) Yes (b) No
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- This problem is based on information taken from The Merck Manual (a reference manual used in most medical and nursing schools). Diltiazem is a commonly prescribed drug for hypertension. However, diltiazem causes headaches in about 12% of patients using the drug. It is hypothesized that regular exercise might help reduce the headaches. If a random sample of 205 patients using diltiazem exercised regularly and only 18 had headaches, would this indicate a reduction in the population proportion of patients having headaches? Use a 1% level of significance. A-What is the value of the sample test statistic? (Round your answers to two decimal places.) B- Find the P-value of the test statistic. (Round your answers to four decimal places.)which of the following individuals is likely to be excluded from a clinical trial? a-individual with other diseases besides the disease of interest b-an individual whose data is considered to be an outlier c-an individual of who is considered to be a minority d-an individual who will have difficulty complying trial protocols.This problem is based on information taken from The Merck Manual (a reference manual used in most medical and nursing schools). Diltiazem is a commonly prescribed drug for hypertension. However, diltiazem causes headaches in about 11% of patients using the drug. It is hypothesized that regular exercise might help reduce the headaches. If a random sample of 206 patients using diltiazem exercised regularly and only 17 had headaches, would this indicate a reduction in the population proportion of patients having headaches? Use a 1% level of significance. (a) What is the level of significance?State the null hypothesis H0 and the alternate hypothesis H1 . H0 : p H1 : p (b) What sampling distribution will you use? The standard normalThe Student's t since np and nq What is the value of the sample test statistic? (Round your answers to two decimal places.)(c) Find the P-value of the test statistic. (Round your answers to four decimal…
- Determine whether each of the following studies described is observational or an experiment. If the study is an experiment, identify the control and treatment groups, and disucss whether single-or double-blinding is necessary. If the study is observational, state whether it is a retrospective study, and if so, identify the cases and controls. In a study of the effects of magnets on back pain, some subjects were treated with magnets while others were given non-magnetic devices with similar appareance. (The magnets did not appear to be effective in treating back pain).. The term sample usually refers to a sample that ___ - Consists of people with chemical dependency problems - Uses the same group of individuals with a before/after measurement - Requires a dependent variable for hypothesis testing - Is randomly selected from two dependent populationsWhat are the independent and dependent variables for the following examples? What statistical test would you use for each of the following scenarios? What would you set your alpha-level at? Sally wants to examine whether there is a difference in muscular strength between participants who engaged in an 8-week resistance training program and participants who engaged in an 8-week endurance training program. The participants only took part in one of the 8-week programs, not both. What test would she use to determine whether the differences in muscular strength are significant? Why?
- Consider the following 2 × 2 table from a hypothetical cohort study. Calculate the relative risk of CVD comparing those with high fasting glucose (≥126 mg/dL) with those with normal fasting glucose (<126 mg/dL) Serum fasting glucose Developed CVD Did not develop CVD Total ≥126 mg/dL (exposed) 125 325 450 <126 mg/dL (not exposed) 50 500 550 Total 175 825 1000 Group of answer choices 0.33 0.75 1.02 3.08 5.34The following data are obtained from a study that seeks to investigate theeffects of an intervention program and the extent of their physical disability on their reading, math and IQ scores. The students who had been recipients of an intervention program are in the treatment group and while those who are not are in the control group. Questions:1. Is there a significant difference in the math, reading and IQ scores ofstudents in the treatment and controlgroups?2. Is the intervention program effective?3. Is there a significant difference in the math, reading and IQ scores ofstudentswhen they are grouped according to the extent of their physicaldisability?4. Isthereasignificantinteractionbetweentreatmentandextentofdisabilityonthe students’ reading, math and IQscores?Identify each of the following designs as being an observational study or an experiment. If the study is an observational study, state whether is retrospective or prospective. If the study is an experiment, identify the explanatory and response variables. 1. Researchers compare the rates of autism for children who did and did not receive the standard measles-mumps-rubella vaccine, to see if the vaccine might be responsible for autism in some children.